通译文库

(1). Archaeology originated in China at the beginning of the 19th century when modern archaeology spread from Europe to China.

考古学在中国的兴起，始于19世纪初，当时，近代考古学从欧洲传入中国。

(2). Chinese archaeologists since then have made extensive archaeological discoveries, and unearthed many historical remains and cultural relics.

从那时起，中国考古学家作出了大量考古发掘，并发掘出许多历史遗址和文物。

(3). after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China’ s archaeology enjoys fast development and have made much progress and world-famous discoveries.

中华人民共和国成立以后，中国的考古学有了巨大发展，取得很大成绩，作出举世闻名的考古发现。

(4). Many cultural remains are discovered and unearthed, and large quantities of valuable historical and cultural relics are found.

发掘出许多历史文化遗址，找到大量珍贵的历史和文化实物资料。

(5). all these archaeological discoveries are of great help to the study of Chinese history and provide supports to the study of science, technology, geology, culture, economy, politics, and foreign relations in ancient China.

所有这些考古发现，对中国历史的研究有着重要帮助，对中国古代科技，地质，文化，经济，政治，对外关系等的研究都提供了补充证实的作用。

(6). China is a country with long history and rich culture, the archaeological finds are part of China’s cultural heritage, and are cream of China’s ancient civilizations. People both at home and abroad are sure to be proud of the brilliant Chinese culture.

中国是历史悠久和文化灿烂丰富的国家，这些考古发现是中国文化遗产的一个部份，是中国古老文明的精华。无论是中国人还是外国人都对中国灿烂的文化而感到骄傲。

(7). Paper money was a Chinese invention. It first appeared during the Northern Song dynasty(960-1127). The wooden printing blocks still exist for a type called jiaozi, which is believed to be the earliest kind.

纸币是中国的发明。它首次出现在北宋时期(公元960年至1127年)。一种叫交子的木版印刷方式印制的纸币叫交子，是世界最早的纸币。

(8). The world’ s oldest extant specimens of actual currency were printed between 1260-1269, when the Mongols were just consolidating their conquest of north China and, were called Zhong Tong Yuan Bao Jiao Chao.

世界现存最古老的纸币出现于1260至1269年间，元代统治者当时加紧巩固对中国北方的统治，这种纸币称作中统元宝交钞。

(9). Zhong Tong was the reign title of the Mongol Yuan dynasty(1271-1386)Emperor Kublai Khan. The words Yuan Bao referred to a kind of gold and silver coin upon which the paper currency was based, and Jiao Chao meant money..

中统指元代中统年号(1271-1386)，当时元代皇帝是忽不烈．汗。元宝是指该纸币以金银为本位．而交钞则指钱。

(10). The bills had five different face values: ten wen (cash), 20 wen, 50 wen, 100 wen, 200 wen , one guan wen (equal to a string of 1,000 cash or 1,000 wen).

该纸币有5种面值:10文(钱)。20文，50文，100文，200文，逊贯文(相当于1000文)。．

(11). China’s ancient civilization had two important centers. One originated from the valley of the Wei River in Shanxi province, and is called the Yangshao culture, and the other, from the valley of the Daling River, called the Hongshan culture.

中国古老的文化有两个重要中心地区，一个是源于陕西省渭河流域的仰韶文化，另一个是源于东北大宁河流域的红山文化。

(12). Both have their own unique roots and features and both began to take shape 6,000 to 7,000 years ago. One of the prominent motifs of the Yangshao culture is a stylized rose, while a dragon pattern is associated with the Hongshan culture.

这两种文化都有其独特的渊源和特征，都形成于大约6000至7000年前。仰韶文化中一个重要的图案是精美的玫瑰，红山文化中则是龙的图案。

(13). archaeological finds of the past few years indicate that the two ancient cultures came into contact in the northern part of today’s Hebei and Shanxi provinces, but no clear sign of interaction with each other in this place has yet been traced.

过去几年里考古学的发现表明，这两种文化在今天河北和山西的北部相互接触。但是，在这一地区两种文化有何相互影响尚无确切发现。

(14). However, evidence of real integration between the two cultures, some 5, 000 to 6, 000 years ago, has been discovered in western Liaoning province.

不过，在辽宁西部发现了这两种文化于5000年至6000年相互融合的确切证据。

(15). The finds include altars, a temple, clusters of stone tombs, jade-carved dragon and rose, and colored pottery vessels decorated with rose patterns.

这些发现包括一批祭坛，一座寺庙，一批古墓，玉雕龙和玫瑰，以及绘有玫瑰图案的彩陶器。

(16). Thus these two different cultural traditions, the rose and the dragon, are at the roots of Chinese civilization.

因此，这两种不同传统文化中的图案，玫瑰和龙，是中国文化的渊源。

(17). China’s Neolithic or New Stone age lasted from roughly 6000 to 2000 :B. C., and in its later stages coexisted with the earliest of China is great bronze age civilizations.

中国的新石器时代大约从公元前6000年持续到公元前2000年，新石器时代晚期与中国的青铜文化早期并存。

(18). The people then lived in settled villages and depended mainly on agriculture and animal husbandry. They used stone, bone and wood tools. Their ceramics and carved stone work can impress us even today with their beauty and sophistication.

当时的人已开始聚居在村落，并以农业和畜牧业为主要生产活动。他们开始使用石器、骨器和木制工具。当时的陶瓷和石雕器皿的精美和高超工艺仍然令当今的人们赞叹不已。

(19). During the entire Neolithic period and as late as the Shang dynasty (16th-11th century B, C.), a small portion of the shaped stone tools and weapons used by the hunting and gathering people of the old Stone age continued to exist.

在整个新石器时期一直到商朝(公元前16世纪到11世纪)，旧石器时期靠狩猎和采集为主要生产活动的人的打制石器工具和武器中的一小部份仍被人们使用。

(20). Then came the more advanced cultures called Yangshao culture from the village name where the first such site was discovered. The Yangshao period extended from about 4500-2500 B. C.

然后，是更为进步的文化形态，叫仰韶文化，它由该文化遗址首次在仰韶村发现而得名。仰韶文化从公元前4000年延续到前2500年。

(21). Painted pottery of varying degrees of complexity is the outstanding characteristic of these different cultural groups. agriculture was relatively advanced in the Yangshao period.

不同工艺技术的彩陶是各地仰韶文化地区的一个显著特征。在仰韶文化时期，农业有了进一步的发展。

(22). The Longshan cultures (2300-1800 B.C.)succeeded the Yangshao cultures, and were more widely distributed over the whole Huanghe River Valley and neighboring districts. Besides stone spades and knives,’wooden pitchforks and sickles of stone and shell were found.

继仰韶文化之后是龙山文化(公元前2300年至1800年)，龙山文化广泛分布于整个黄河流域和相邻地区。除了石铲和石刀外，还发现有木制草叉，石镰和蚌镰。

(23). In the Changjiang (Yangtze)River Valley, rice was the principal agricultural staple. The Hemudu culture is China’ s oldest known rice-growing site from between 4400-3200 B. C. and nearly contemporary with the Yangshao culture.

在长江流域，稻米是主要农业生产品种。河姆渡文化是中国已知最早的水稻种植遗址，与仰韶文化大致一样，从公元前4400年到前3200年。

(24). China is a country with brilliant culture and history. Here I will tell you something about the earliest written forms of Chinese language.

中国具有灿烂的文化和历史，下面，我要谈谈中国最早的文字形式。

(25). The written forms of the Chinese language must be very old.

中国文字的书写形式一定非常古老。

(26). From its primitive stage in Dawenkou Culture to Jiaguwen in the Shang Dynasty ( 16th-1066 B. C.), the Chinese language experienced a creative period of 1,000 years, developing into a complete language.

从中国文字的最初形成阶段的大汶口文化到商代(公元前卫6世纪到前11世纪)的甲骨文，中国文字经历了1000多年的发展变化，成为一种完备的文字。

(27). Jiaguwen refers to shell and bone writing, they form one of the most ancient written languages in the world.

甲骨文是指以龟腹甲和兽骨为材料，用刀刻写的文字。甲骨文是世界上最古老的书写文字符号之一。

(28). The inscribed shells and bones were first unearthed in Yinxu (the ruins of Yin, the Shang Dynasty capital), so the writing is also called Yinxu writings.

甲骨文首次是在殷墟(殷墟指商朝首都殷的遗址)发现的，所以，把这些古文字也称作殷墟文字。

(29). How many characters have been found so far?

目前发现了多少甲骨文字?

(30). about 4,500, with the meanings of about 1,700 deciphered.

大约4500个字，已被解读的约有1700个字。

(31). Do they look like the modern Chinese written forms?

它们与现代中国文字书写形式一样吗?

(32). Most of the characters’ strokes and elements do not form fixed patterns, but their structures show a development from simple to compound form.

甲骨文的大多数笔划和字形很不固定，不过，甲骨文的结构已表现出从简单到合成结构的变化过程。....(please sign in for more)

(33). I Know that sea shells used as money in ancient times were unearthed in many parts of China. How is the coin?

我知道，中国各地发掘出大批作为古钱币的海贝，称作贝币。那么硬币呢?....(please sign in for more)

(34). Coins were made in China by casting with a square hole in the center, while ancient Greece and Rome made coins with a mold and press. The coins bore a bust of their emperor and the date of minting.

中国硬币是铸造，中间有一方孔，而古希腊和罗马则是用铸模和冲压。硬币上常刻有其国王半身像和铸币日期。....(please sign in for more)

(35). So the two main minting methods.of the ancient time were the pressed and the cast ones.

因此，古代硬币制作是用铸造和冲压两种方法。....(please sign in for more)

(36). But do you know the earliest paper money?

不过你知道最早的纸币吗?....(please sign in for more)

(37). And the paper money went to other countries.

这种纸币还流传到了其他国家。....(please sign in for more)

(38). Because of foreign trade with asian and african countries, paper eventually circulated in India, Japan, Korea and Persia, all of which later initiated their own paper currency.

由于与亚洲和非洲国家的贸易，纸币开始流行于印度、日本、朝鲜和波斯，这些国家后来也开始发行了自己的纸币。....(please sign in for more)

(39). I happened to have some ancient Chinese paper bills, I will send them to the antique appraiser to find out their date of making.

我手上刚好有一些中国古代纸币，我将把它们拿去给文物鉴定专家辨别一下制作年代。....(please sign in for more)

(40). China is a country with long history and rich cultures. Up to now, many ancient ruins and remains were found, countless historical and cultural relics were unearthed.

中国具有悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。迄今为止，许多古遗址被发现，无数历史和文化古物被发掘出来。....(please sign in for more)

(41). For a long time, historians have thought the Yellow River area was the center of Chinese civilization, while the Yangtze River area was beyond. the confines of ancient Chinese culture and even regarded as a wasteland.

很长一段时间．历史学家认为黄河流域是中国文化的中心，而长江流域则远离中国古代文化的影响，被认为是蛮荒之地。....(please sign in for more)

(42). The discoveries of the Hemudu ruins, Yuyao city, Zhejiang province, proved that both the Yangtze and Yellow rivers nourished Chinese civilization.

在浙江余姚河姆渡发现的古代文物表明，是黄河和长江共同哺育了中国文化。....(please sign in for more)

(43). Qufu county, Shandong province, is the birthplace of China’ s most famous philosopher Confucius. The relics here are the Temple of Confucius, the Confucius Family Mansion and the Grove of Confucius, the family burial place.

山东曲阜是中国最有影响的哲学家孔子的故乡。曲阜文物包括孔庙，孔府和孔林。....(please sign in for more)

(44). The temple was built in 478 B. C. (200 years earlier than the Great Wail), expanded under the auspices of emperors from every subsequent dynasty, and eventually became one of the largest and most richly furnished imperial complexes in China.

孔庙建于公元前478年(比长城早200年)，并经历代君主倡导扩建，最终使孔庙成为中国最大，建筑最丰富的皇家园林之一。....(please sign in for more)

(45). The mansion was the residence of the Confucius descendants for more than 70 generations and houses priceless ancient manuscripts, furniture, clothing and other family relics.

孔府是长达70多代孔子嫡裔的私邸，藏有价值连城的古手迹，古家具，服装和家庭文物。....(please sign in for more)

(46). The Grove of Confucius is the largest family graveyard in China. Confucius himself and about 100,000 of his descendants were buried there.

孔林是中国最大的家族墓地，孔子本人和大约10万后裔都葬在该处。....(please sign in for more)

(47). China’s long history leaves a lot of historical remains which are valuable in studying the ancient culture of the past dynasties of China.

中国悠久的历史给我们留下无数历史遗址，对研究中国历代的古老文化有着十分珍贵的作用。....(please sign in for more)

(48). Mount Tai, with its magnificence, precipitousness and natural beauty, is famous for its rich cultural relics. Many stone carvings on Mount Tai recorded emperors tour to the mountain and their worship ceremonies there. The celestial ritual includes worship of both Heaven and Earth.

泰山气雄伟，峰峦峻峭，景色壮丽，并以其丰富文物遗址而著称。泰山的历代石刻记载了历代皇帝到此的巡游和封禅大典，封禅大典包括对天地的祈祷。....(please sign in for more)

(49). Emperor QinShihuang, who unified China in 211B.C. had many historical remains connected with him. after he became emperor, QinShihuang made several inspection tours around China.

秦始皇于公元前211年统一中国．并在全国留下众多历史遗址。他成为皇帝后，曾多次巡游全国。....(please sign in for more)

(50). History books stated that Emperor QinShihuang, in search of immortality, sent people everywhere to look for the elixir of life.

据史书记载，秦始皇为了寻求长生不老之术，曾派出了大批人出海寻找长生不老药。....(please sign in for more)

(51). In 1988 the ruin of a site where people sailed out to sea to look for this elixir was found on a beach in the Qinhuangdao port area.

1988年．人们在秦皇岛港口发现了秦始皇遣人出海寻求长生不老药的遗址。....(please sign in for more)

(52). This is in accordance with historical records that say QinShihuang went there in person to pray to heaven and earth in front of an altar, and he shipped priests, together with virgin adolescents, out to sea to look for the elixir for him.

这与史书记载一致，史书说秦始皇曾亲临该地，设祭坛祈拜天地，曾遣道士和童男童女出海为其寻找长生不老灵药。....(please sign in for more)

(53). We can also name a few of the many ancient ruins, they are Changan, a World famous metropolis and capital of the western Han(206B)C.-8aD.), was the country’ s political, economic and cultural center then;

我们还可以例举一些古遗址，如长安，西汉时便是举世闻名的大都市和首都，并是当时全国政治、经济和文化中心....(please sign in for more)

(54). The famous Silk Road, a thoroughfare for cultural and economic exchanges between China and the west in past dynasties, is a treasure trove of historic sites;

著名的丝调之路，是过去中西文化和经济交流的通衢大道，是具有丰富历史遗迹的宝库....(please sign in for more)

(55). The Grand Canal stretched 1,754 kilometers form Beijing to the south, and was an extremely important transportation artery for China in the past;

大运河全长1754公里，从北京一直延伸到南方，是过去中国的一个极其重要的交通大动脉....(please sign in for more)

(56). Finally the Ming Tombs in Beijing are a major historical site there, which are the final resting places for emperors of the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644).

最后谈谈北京的十三陵，十三陵是北京的主要一处历史遗址，葬明朝(1368年至1644年)的13位皇帝。....(please sign in for more)

(57). I have been to the Palace museum twice, but I still have something which is not quite clear to me.

我曾去过故宫博物馆两次。但仍然有一些东西不很清楚。....(please sign in for more)

(58). When was the Imperial Palace rebuilt?

故宫重建于何时?....(please sign in for more)

(59). It was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty(1366-1644)in the form of three rectangular city walls, one within the other. The innermost wall sheltered the Imperial Palace, known as the Forbidden City.

故宫于明朝(1366年至1644年)重建，其四周有长方形城墙，城墙有三层，一层包裹一层。最内层保护故宫，称作紫禁城。....(please sign in for more)

(60). Well, I know the Imperial Palace was once home to 24 Ming and Qing dynasty emperors. How large is it?

我知道先后有24位皇帝在此登基执政，故宫作为明清皇宫，它有多大呢?....(please sign in for more)

(61). It is the largest and most complete of China’s surviving palaces, and the complex has 9,999 and a half rooms.

故宫是中国现存最大和最完整的古代宫殿建筑群，一共有屋宇9999.5间。....(please sign in for more)

(62). 9,999 and a half rooms, how is that?

有9999再加半间?这是怎么回事?....(please sign in for more)

(63). Yes; it is a strange number. It is said that there are a total of 10,000 rooms in the Heavenly Palace. The Imperial Palace can’t have more rooms than the Heavenly Palace, so the number is less by half a room.

这个数字确实有些奇怪。据说天宫有10000问屋宇，因此，故宫的房间数不能超过天宫，而只能比天宫少半间。....(please sign in for more)

(64). What are the beautiful halls called and their functions?

这些富丽堂皇的宫殿叫什么呢?它们有什么作用?....(please sign in for more)

(65). Well, the Imperial Palace covers only the middle part from the main entrance to the three principal halls, Inside the first hall, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, is the throne room.

故宫仅指从午门至三大殿的中心地区。第一座宫殿是太和殿，又称金銮殿....(please sign in for more)

(66). Behind it is the Hall of complete Harmony, where emperors rehearsed rites and ceremonies. Farther back sits the hall of Preserving Harmony, where candidates for imperial office and mandarin status took the imperial examination.

再后面是中和殿，是皇帝举行朝会和庆典之地;最后是保和殿，是接受皇家考试以获官职的地方。....(please sign in for more)

(67). This is really a fascinating palace.

故宫真是令人入迷的皇宫。....(please sign in for more)

(68). Anyang in Henan province was one of the several capitals of the Shang dynasty (15th-11th B. C.).

河南省安阳是商朝(公元前16世纪至前11世纪)的几个建都的城市之一。....(please sign in for more)

(69). The Shang achieved a high level of bronze-age urban culture and is the first known state in China to leave written records-the oracle bones.

商朝具有高度发展的青铜器时期城市文化，并且是中国已知第一个留下有文字记载一一甲骨卜辞的朝代。....(please sign in for more)

(70). It was the discovery of the oracle bones which led to the location of anyang as a Shang capital. Study of the inscriptions on the shells and shoulder bones of oxen revealed these had been used in divination by a Shang King.

甲骨卜辞的发现最终使人们发现了商代后期曾建都于安阳。对刻字甲骨和牛骨的研究表明，它们曾被商朝皇帝用以卜辞。....(please sign in for more)

(71). The actual excavation began in 1928, which unearthed a great many cultural relics, they included pottery, bronzes, jade articles, stone and bone objects, pieces of carved ivory carvings, and more oracle bones with inscription.

殷墟的发掘始于1928年，并发掘出大量古文物，包括陶器，铜器，玉器，石器和骨器，牙雕残片及大量刻字甲骨。....(please sign in for more)

(72). Excavation was resumed in 1950, and over all these years many ancient cultural relics were discovered. In a large tomb, people discovered abundant remains of people who had been immolated or buried alive with the tomb occupant,

发掘于1950年又重新恢复，又发现了大量古代文物。在一座大型墓葬中，考古学家发现有大量殉人，有的被肢解，有的被活埋....(please sign in for more)

(73). which created a sensation in archaeological and historical circles, and led to the discussion as to what was the dividing line between slave and feudal society.

这一发现在考古学界和历史学界引起极大震动，并引起争论，究竟奴隶社会和封建社会的分期是什么时候。....(please sign in for more)

(74). A lot of ritual objects were also found in the tombs, they include fragment of green-glazed pottery dou food vessels, pieces of carved jade and stone, the two large square ding caldrons, carved jade gui food containers, ivory cups inlaid with turquoise.

在墓葬中还发现大量祭祀用品，包括绿轴陶器斗，玉雕和石雕残片，大型的圆鼎两具，玉雕簋和嵌松象牙杯等....(please sign in for more)

(75). There were also four bronze mirrors, stone chimes, a pottery ocarina, and many other striking finds.

另外，还发现4面铜镜，石磬，陶埙，及其他众多惊人的发现。....(please sign in for more)

(76). China’s 5,000 years history created a brilliant civilization that once led the world in economy, culture, science and technology, and it left behind relics some buried, some on the surface.

中国有5000多年光辉灿烂的文明史。历史上曾在经济、文化、科技方面有着世界领先的地位，地面上下遗有文物。....(please sign in for more)

(77). The relics are part of the cultural heritage of mankind. The value of this heritage has no price tag.

这些文物是全人类文化遗产的一部份，具有无可估量的价值。....(please sign in for more)

(78). Surface relics include ancient structures, caves, temples, and other historic buildings.

地面文物包括古建筑，洞穴、寺庙和其他历史建筑。....(please sign in for more)

(79). The government have put large amount of money into renovation of such important places as Imperial Palace, Great Wall, Ming and Qing Tombs, and the Potala Palace.

政府对重要建筑的维修进行了大量投资，这些重要建筑包括故宫、长城、十三陵和布达拉宫。....(please sign in for more)

(80). For the buried relics, China usually does not excavate unless we have to. Most unearthings are connected with some construction or scientific project.

对于地下文物，我们采取的方针是万不得已不去发掘。大多数地下文物的发掘都与建筑工程和科学研究有密切关系。....(please sign in for more)

(81). Many museums have been built, and they include museums for different nationalities, folk customs, handicrafts, pottery and porcelain, ancient coins, stamps,

全国各地修建了大批博物馆，这些博物馆包括各民族博物馆、民俗博物馆、手工艺品博物馆、陶瓷博物馆、古钱币博物馆、邮票博物馆、....(please sign in for more)

(82). Silk, tea, traditional Chinese medicine, aviation, architecture and coal.

丝绸博物馆、茶叶博物馆、中医药博物馆、航空博物馆、建筑博物馆和煤矿博物馆。....(please sign in for more)

(83). The solidarity of a nation depends on its unique cultural character. China’s rich heritage of relics is the tangible soul of its people-the material and spiritual essence of the nation.

一个国家的团结有赖于其独特的文化传统，中国丰富的文物遗产是中华民族的精神财富和物质财富，是各族人民的共同精华。....(please sign in for more)

(84). Relics also play the role of cultural ambassador in exchange between China and other countries.

文物在中国与世界各国的交往中，还起到了文化大使的作用。....(please sign in for more)

(85). " Many relic exhibitions are welcomes in overseas countries and regions, these include ""Five Thousand Years of Chinese Civilization,"" ""Confucian Culture Exhibition,"" ""Tibetan Culture Exhibition""and ""art of the Dragon."

许多中国文物展在世界各国和地区受到热烈欢迎，这些文物展包括"中国五千年文明史展"，"孔子文化展"，"西藏文化展"，以及"龙的艺术展"。....(please sign in for more)

(86). Pagodas can be seen in China everywhere: in cities, on mountaintops, besides rivers, near temple. When did the oldest appear?

中国各地都能见到古塔，在城市，在山顶，在河畔，在寺庙傍。最早的古塔修建于什么时候?....(please sign in for more)

(87). The oldest date from the first century a.D. when Buddhism was introduced from India.

最早的古塔建于公元1世纪，当时佛教从印度传人中国。....(please sign in for more)

(88). So pagoda is related with the spreading of Buddhism.

可以说，塔与佛教的传播有关。....(please sign in for more)

(89). and it also serves secular purpose. In north China, pagodas were built as military watchtowers. In the south, seashore and riverbank pagodas guided navigation.

塔还有实际用途。在中国北方，塔被用作军事上的观察哨;在中国南方，海岸和河岸的塔可用以指引航向。....(please sign in for more)

(90). The ancient Chinese pagoda took on its own distinct style when architects combined the features of circular Indian Buddhist pagodas with those of traditional Chinese pavilions and towers.

中国的建筑师们把印度佛塔的圆形与中国传统楼亭建筑方式相结合，从而使中国古塔形成自己的独特风格。....(please sign in for more)

(91). Chinese pagodas thus may be square, polygonal, or circular, with many stories separated by projecting roofs and eaves.

因此，中国古塔样式有正方形、多角形，以及圆形，塔有多层，每层有向外突出的塔檐。....(please sign in for more)

(92). The ancient pagodas are very valuable cultural relics, they are worth good protection.

这些古塔是非常珍贵的文物，值得妥善保护。....(please sign in for more)

(93). Two bronze chariots, each with four horses, were. unearthed near Xi’an in 1980, and they prove to be the exquisite examples of the bronze craftsmanship of the age.

1980年．在西安附近出土了2辆铜车马俑，每辆车配4匹马。它们证实了当时精湛的铸铜工艺水平。....(please sign in for more)

(94). The larger one weighs 1, 200 kilograms.

大的一辆铜车马俑重工，200公斤。....(please sign in for more)

(95). " Two characters, an Che (literally meaning ""safe chariot"", actually implying ""luxury chariot"")at the end of one of the reins indicate it may be a copy of the special, luxurious four-horse chariot used by the First Emperor."

在缰绳的一端刻有"安车"两个汉字(字面意义是"安全马车"，实际意思指"豪华马车")。这表明该铜车马俑是秦始皇生前所乘马车的复制品:豪华的驷马车。....(please sign in for more)

(96). The chariots showed other special features as well. The chariot and horses are rendered most lifelike by a coat of paint applied on top of the bronze.

铜车马俑还具有其他的特征。铜车马表面通体施以彩绘，使其显得栩栩如生。....(please sign in for more)

(97). Painted decoration on bronze casting was a new technique begun in Qin times. White is the basic colors, and decorations are in red, green, blue, purple and black.

对铜铸件施以彩绘装饰是始于秦朝时期的新工艺。以白色为底色，配以红色、绿色、蓝色、紫色和黑色。....(please sign in for more)

(98). People can see that the bronze chariots are outstanding for their superb metallurgical and metal-shaping technology. The bronze warrior and horses are similar to the Qin pottery army, but have their own features and details.

人们可以看到，铜车马俑因其高超的冶金铸造技术而非常珍贵。铜马和铜御官俑与秦兵马俑有相似之处，但又有自己的特征和细节的不同。....(please sign in for more)

(99). The kneeling warrior, for instance, smiles with closed lips, which shows his humble position, and the joints of his fingers and his nails were engraved to make them more real.

例如铜御官俑为跽坐姿态，面部微笑，嘴唇紧闭，显示了其卑微地位，指关节和指甲用了錾刻技术而显得异常逼真。....(please sign in for more)

(100). It is obvious that the chariots and horses are among the finest examples of the realistic style of Qin painting and sculpture.

显然，这两乘铜车马俑是秦朝写实风格的绘画和雕刻艺术最杰出的代表作之一。....(please sign in for more)