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(1). There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for‘protection’ .

曾经有一个时期，芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取“保护”。

(2). If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.

如果交款不及时，歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店，让他破产。

(3). Obtaining ’protection money’ is not a modern crime.

榨取“保护金”并不是一种现代的罪恶行径。

(4). An Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.

英国人约翰霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:人们情愿拿出大笔的钱，也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。

(5). Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.

600年前，约翰霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵一到意大利，在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来

(6). He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.

很快就出名了，意大利人叫他乔凡尼阿库托。

(7). Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.

每次意大利各连邦之间打仗，霍克伍德便把他的士兵雇佣给他出高价的君主。

(8). In times of peace, when business was bad

和平时期，当生意萧条时

(9). Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.

霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦，纵火烧毁一两个农场，然后提出，如向他们缴纳保护金，他们便主动撤离。

(10). Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.

霍克伍德用这种方法挣取了大笔钱，尽管如此，意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。

(11). The Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of ’the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue’.

佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬，并为他画像以纪念这位“骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼阿库托先生。”

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