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第四册

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(1). It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.

很显然睡眠必然只有某种作用,而一生中睡眠的时间颇长,所以这种作用看来是很重要的。

(2). Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.

关于睡眠的本质,几千年来提出了种种推测。一项奇怪的发现显示,睡眠很可能不只是让人体获得休息,这使得睡眠本质这个问题令人感到困惑。

(3). ’ Rest ’, in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.

从放松肌肉等方面来考虑,通过短暂的躺卧或者只小坐片刻皆可达到"休息"的目的。

(4). The body’s tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.

人体组织只有一定程度的自我修复和白我恢复的能力,并且如果组织处于较长时间的持续活动状态,则可取得最佳的修复和恢复功能。

(5). In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.

事实上在熟睡中仍有一定基本量的活动,以专门防止肌肉中断活动。

(6). If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting?

如果问题不是在于身体需得到休息,那末也许是脑子有休息的必要呢?

(7). This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.

假如不存在下面两个因素,这可能是一种合理的假设。

(8). First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp)shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less.

第一个因素是脑电图(它不过是一种通过贴在头皮上的电极来测定脑部电活动的仪器)表明在睡眠期间脑部活动形式有改变但活动总量无任何减少．

(9). The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental.

第二个因素则更为有趣更为重要。

(10). In l960 an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.

1960年美国精神病学家WilliamDement发表了人在睡眠吋眼球活动的实验记录。

(11). He showed that the average individual’s sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.

他证明,一般人的睡眠周期中有一阵阵独特的眼球活动,有些活动是漂浮而缓慢的,另一些是跳动而迅速的。

(12). People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.

在眼球活动期间醒来的人一般都说他们做了梦。

(13). When woken at other times they reported no dreams.

而在其它时间醒来的人皆说没有做过梦。

(14). If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected.

如果一组人连续几夜在眼球活动期间从睡眠中被吵醒而另一组人连续数夜在无眼球活动期间被叫醒前者开始表现出个性的某些异常，百后者显得并不受到多大的影响。

(15). The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.

所有这一切都表明,睡眠受干扰并不重要,而做梦受到干扰却是至关重要。

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