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第四册

属类：学习英语-新概念英语添加到会员文库收藏夹

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(1). Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago was confined to the two-dimensional shape of the sea-surface and the hazards of navigation presented by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land.

一百年以前,我们只知道海面的二维图形,以及靠近陆地浅水区水底高低不平的航路潜在危险。

(2). The open sea was deep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the seabed was flat.

大海是深邃而神秘的。对于海洋底部不甚了解的人,也许以为海底是平坦的。

(3). Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1836 but it was not until 1869, when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises, that a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom.

JamesClarkRoss爵士在1839年测得海的深度是2，400多英寻，但是直到1869年，英国皇家学会使用皇家海军舰艇"豪猪"号进行几次巡航途中才测得大西洋的一系列深度，并挖到了洋底首批标本。

(4). Shortly after this the famous H.M.S. Challenger expedition established the study of the sea floor as a subject worthy of the most qualified physicists and geologists.

此后不久,皇家海军著名的"挑战者"号的那次考察,确立了研究海底乃是一流物理学家和地质学家值得进行的课题。

(5). A burst of activity associated with the laying of submarine cables soon confirmed the Challenger’s observation that many parts of the ocean were two to three miles deep, and the existence of underwater features of considerable magnitude.

铺设海底电缆的一系列活动进一步证实了"挑战者"号的考察资料,大西洋许多水域深达2-3英里,水下特征多种多样。

(6). Today enough soundings are available to enable a relief map of the Atlantic to be drawn and we know something of the great variety of the sea-bed’s topography.

现在已测得足够的水深资料,有可能画出大西洋的地形图,对于极其复杂的海底地形也有所了解。

(7). Since the sea covers the greater part of the earth’s surface it is quite reasonable to regard the sea floor as the basic form of the crust of the earth, with superimposed upon it the continents, together with the islands and other features of the oceans.

因为海洋覆盖着地球的大部分表面，因此，有充分理由把海底看作是地壳的基本形状，除此之外则是大陆、岛屿和海洋的其他特征。

(8). The continents form rugged tablelands which stand nearly three miles above the floor of the open ocean.

大陆形成高低不平的高地,从海底起高约3英里。

(9). From the shore-line out to a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles runs the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents.

大陆架坡度缓和的斜坡从海岸延伸到几英里或几百英里的远处。在地质学上,大陆架是大陆的一部分。

(10). The real dividing-line between continents and oceans occurs at the foot of a steeper slope.

大陆和海洋的真正分界线是在大陆架较陡峭坡度的脚下。

(11). This continental slope usually starts at a place somewhere near the 100-fathom mark and in the course of a few hundred miles reaches the true ocean-floor at 2,500-3,000 fathoms.

大陆坡度一般开始于100英寻左右的测标处,延伸几百英里后到达2,500-3000英寻深的真正海底。

(12). The slope averages about 1 in 30, but contains steep, probably vertical, cliffs, and gentle sediment-covered terraces, and near its lower reaches there is a long tailing-off which is almost certainly the result of material transported out to deep water after being eroded from the continental masses.

斜度的平均坡度是三十分之一，但也有陡峭的甚至是垂直的悬崖和坡度不大的覆盖着沉积物的缓和的阶地，阶地的下段是一条很宽广的曳沙带，它几乎无疑是大陆块体遭侵蚀后冲入深水中物质形成的。

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