Matter/Substance/Material/Stuff词语辨析
这四个英语名词在汉语中常被译为"物质"或"材料"，但实际使用时存在明显差异。以下从语义特征和典型用法进行辨析：
1. Matter（物质/事项）
-- 物理学概念：指构成物理世界的基本实体（与能量相对）
例：Dark matter makes up about 27% of the universe.
a.
①物质的；具体的；有形的;
n.
①[U][C]材料，原料；物资;
扩展解释：【海运】
材料，原料物质散装货物部件，素材，必需品用具，设备物质的，重要的
n. 【机械】
材料,资料
n. 【化学】
材料,物质,部件,内容,资料,物资,质料,物料;物质的,实质的,重要的,必需的
N/A
a.1. 物质的,有形的,2. 肉体的,身体上的,3. 【律】重要的[(+to)]决定判决的,关键的,n.1. 材料,原料[C][U]2. 织物,料子[C][U]3. 素材;资料[U][(+for)]4. 工具,用具[P]
【法律专业】
材料 ,重要;实质 ,物质专利
n.
① [C] [U]物质;
扩展解释：n. 【法律专业】
内容,要义, 本质 ,实体
n.
1. 物质[C]2. 实质;本质;实体;本体[U]3. 本旨,主旨;要义;真义[U]4. 财产,财物[U]5. (质地的)坚实,牢固[U]
n. 【建筑工程】
物质,本质,物质,物体,材料
n. 【化学】
实物,物质,实质
n. 【机械】
物质,实物
n. 【航空工程】
同Tstoff第一解
Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.
Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.
Significant.
Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.
Text written for a specific purpose.
A sample or specimens for study.
Cloth to be made into a garment.
The people collectively who are qualified for a certain position or activity.
Related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book.
The substance that something is made or composed of.
To form from matter; to materialize.
Physical matter; material.
The essential part of anything; the most vital part.
Substantiality; solidity; firmness.
Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.
Drugs illegal narcotics
Hypostasis.
To give substance to; to make real or substantial.
Consisting of matter; not spiritual; corporeal; physical; as, material substance or bodies.
Pertaining to, or affecting, the physical nature of man, as distinguished from the mental or moral nature; relating to the bodily wants, interests, and comforts; as, material well-being; material comforts.
Of solid or weighty character; not insubstantial; of consequence; not be dispensed with; important; significant.
Pertaining to the matter, as opposed to the form, of a thing. See Matter.
The substance or matter of which anything is made or may be made.
To form from matter; to materialize.
That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence.
The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport.
Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.
Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
Same as Hypostasis, 2.
To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich.
