通译比典:career与careen之间的辨析

这三个形近英语动词的语义差异及用法辨析如下，供专业参考：

1. Careen /kəˈriːn/
词源：源自拉丁语"carina"（船龙骨）
核心语义：描述物体（尤指船只）失控的倾斜或摇晃运动
典型用法：
-- 航海场景：船只因风浪剧烈侧倾（The ship careened dangerously in the storm）
-- 现代引申：车辆失控滑行（The taxi careened down the icy road）
-- 文学隐喻：形容踉跄行走（He careened drunkenly through the crowd）

2. Career /kəˈrɪər/
词源：源自法语"carrière"（赛马场）
核心语义：强调高速且不受控的直线运动
典型用法：
-- 车辆失控疾驰（The truck careered across three lanes）
-- 自然现象快速移动（Tornadoes careered through the valley）
-- 职业名词用法（career path）属同源异义现象

3. Carom /ˈkærəm/
词源：源自西班牙语"carambola"（台球术语）
核心语义：特指物体（尤指球体）的反弹碰撞
典型用法：
-- 台球专业术语（The cue ball caromed off the rail）
-- 物理碰撞描述（Hailstones caromed off the windshield）
-- 引申为意外转向（The rumor caromed through social media）

辨析要点：
1. 运动特征差异：careen侧重摇晃运动，career强调直线速度，carom专指反弹轨迹
2. 语域区别：careen多用于航海/交通，career常见于事故描述，carom主要用于物理碰撞
3. 及物性差异：仅carom可作及物动词（carom the ball off the cushion）

常见误用警示：
× The bullet careened off the wall（应改用caromed）
× The skier caromed down the slope（应改用careered）
× The economy is careering toward crisis（比喻用法可接受）

建议在技术翻译中严格区分：
-- 船舶工程：统一译careen为"倾侧"
-- 交通事故报告：career译"失控冲撞"
-- 物理教材：carom译"弹射碰撞"

主题笔记

(1).中国译典 career careen

a.

职业性的;

n.

①[C]生涯，经历;

vi.

[常与 about，along，past，through 连用] 疾驰；飞奔；猛冲;

扩展解释：n. 【法律专业】

事业

n.

1. (终身的)职业[C]2. 经历;生涯;历程[C]3. 全速;(迅速的)前进vi.1. 猛冲飞跑[Q]a.1. 职业的专业的[B]

n. 【化学】

职业,经历,炉期,专业

vi.

(船等)倾斜；(车等)颠颠簸簸行驶;

vt.

①使(船)倾侧(以便修理);

扩展解释：【海运】

把船倾侧(修船)，倾倒使倾斜倾船，偏滩(以检修船体)倾斜试验

vt. 【化学】

使倾斜,使...侧倾,在侧倾位置上修理;侧倾

vt.

1. 把(船)倾倒修理vi.1. 倾侧;(车等)摇晃着行驶n.1. (把船)斜翻

(2).维基词典 career careen

One’s calling in life; a person’s occupation; one’s profession.

General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part of it.

speed

A jouster’s path during a joust.

A short gallop of a horse. 16th-18th c.

The flight of a hawk.

A racecourse; the ground run over.

To move rapidly straight ahead, especially in an uncontrolled way.

To heave a ship down on one side so as to expose the other, in order to clean it of barnacles and weed, or to repair it below the water line.

To tilt on one side.

To lurch or sway violently from side to side.

To tilt or lean while in motion. from late 19th c.

To career, to move rapidly straight ahead, to rush carelessly. from at least early 20th c.

To move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way.

The position of a ship laid on one side.

(3).牛津词典 career careen

an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person’s life and with opportunities for progress

the time spent by a person in a career

the progress through history of an institution, organization, etc.

working permanently in or committed to a particular profession

(of a woman) interested in pursuing a profession rather than devoting all her time to childcare and housekeeping

move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way

turn (a ship) on its side for cleaning, caulking, or repair.

(of a ship) tilt; lean over

move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way

(4).韦伯斯特词典 career careen

A race course: the ground run over.

A running; full speed; a rapid course.

General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a public character; as, Washington’s career as a soldier.

The flight of a hawk.

To move or run rapidly.

To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel.

To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a wind; to be off the keel.

网络相关图 career careen

(1).中国译典 career careen

a.

职业性的;

n.

①[C]生涯，经历;

vi.

[常与 about，along，past，through 连用] 疾驰；飞奔；猛冲;

扩展解释：n. 【法律专业】

事业

n.

1. (终身的)职业[C]2. 经历;生涯;历程[C]3. 全速;(迅速的)前进vi.1. 猛冲飞跑[Q]a.1. 职业的专业的[B]

n. 【化学】

职业,经历,炉期,专业

vi.

(船等)倾斜；(车等)颠颠簸簸行驶;

vt.

①使(船)倾侧(以便修理);

扩展解释：【海运】

把船倾侧(修船)，倾倒使倾斜倾船，偏滩(以检修船体)倾斜试验

vt. 【化学】

使倾斜,使...侧倾,在侧倾位置上修理;侧倾

vt.

1. 把(船)倾倒修理vi.1. 倾侧;(车等)摇晃着行驶n.1. (把船)斜翻

(2).维基词典 career careen

One’s calling in life; a person’s occupation; one’s profession.

General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part of it.

speed

A jouster’s path during a joust.

A short gallop of a horse. 16th-18th c.

The flight of a hawk.

A racecourse; the ground run over.

To move rapidly straight ahead, especially in an uncontrolled way.

To heave a ship down on one side so as to expose the other, in order to clean it of barnacles and weed, or to repair it below the water line.

To tilt on one side.

To lurch or sway violently from side to side.

To tilt or lean while in motion. from late 19th c.

To career, to move rapidly straight ahead, to rush carelessly. from at least early 20th c.

To move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way.

The position of a ship laid on one side.

(3).牛津词典 career careen

an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person’s life and with opportunities for progress

the time spent by a person in a career

the progress through history of an institution, organization, etc.

working permanently in or committed to a particular profession

(of a woman) interested in pursuing a profession rather than devoting all her time to childcare and housekeeping

move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way

turn (a ship) on its side for cleaning, caulking, or repair.

(of a ship) tilt; lean over

move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way

(4).韦伯斯特词典 career careen

A race course: the ground run over.

A running; full speed; a rapid course.

General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a public character; as, Washington’s career as a soldier.

The flight of a hawk.

To move or run rapidly.

To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel.

To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a wind; to be off the keel.

组词比对 career careen