vs.

    adjudge -对比- judge
    分析 词典对比 组词对比
    这组法律英语词汇的辨析可以从以下维度进行区分:

    1. 主体性质差异:
    -- Judge:专指经正式任命的法官(如联邦法官Federal Judge)
    -- Adjudge:强调司法机构(如法院)的宣告行为
    -- Adjudicate:适用于行政裁判机构(如移民局EOIR)
    -- Arbitrate:特指仲裁员(arbitrator)的调解行为

    2. 程序特征对比:
    -- Judge:遵循严格诉讼程序(trial procedure)
    -- Adjudicate:可适用准司法程序(quasi-judicial process)
    -- Arbitrate:基于双方协议(submission agreement)的非正式程序

    3. 典型搭配模式:
    -- Judge a case(审理案件)
    -- Adjudge sb guilty(宣告有罪)
    -- Adjudicate claims(裁断权利主张)
    -- Arbitrate disputes(仲裁纠纷)

    4. 效力层级区分:
    -- 法院judgment具有既判力(res judicata)
    -- 行政adjudication可被司法审查
    -- arbitration award可通过《纽约公约》执行

    5. 词源演变提示:
    -- "judge"源自古法语"juger"(12世纪)
    -- "adjudge"保留拉丁语"judicare"前缀
    -- "arbitrate"与罗马仲裁制度(arbiter)相关

    实务应用示例:
    "While a district judge may adjudicate constitutional issues, an labor arbitrator can only arbitrate contractual disputes pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement, whose award may later be adjudged enforceable by the court."
    主题笔记
    简典