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embankment dam：填筑坝,土石坝详图：

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1	embankment dam	填筑坝,土石坝
	Formed of mounds of earth or rocks, it is used mainly when the subsoil does not allow for construction of a concrete dam. 由土堆或岩石堆成，主要用于底土不允许建造混凝土坝的情况。
2	cross section of an embankment dam	土石坝横断面

3	drainage layer	排水层
	Layer of permeable materials that is inserted into large-scale dams to collect infiltrated water. 插入大型水坝以收集渗透水的渗透材料层。
4	sand [sænd]	沙;沙子
	Granular material that is inserted between the core and the shoulder; it filters particles carried by the water flow to prevent erosion. 插入芯部和肩部之间的粒状材料；它过滤水流携带的颗粒，以防止侵蚀。
5	cut-off trench	截水槽,齿槽
	Area of the foundation of the dam that is connected to the core; it contains impermeable materials to limit leakage and infiltration under the dam. 与坝体相连的坝基面积；它含有不透水材料，以限制坝下的渗漏和渗透。
6	upstream blanket	上游铺盖
	Impermeable layer that consists of compact clay; it rests on the bottom of the dam to prevent infiltration. 由致密粘土组成的不透水层；它位于大坝底部，以防止渗透。
7	foundation of dam	坝基
	Natural terrain (such as rock, sand or clay) on which the dam is built. 筑坝的自然地形（如岩石、沙子或粘土）。
8	downstream shoulder	下游路肩
	Soil embankment that, together with the upstream shoulder, provides stability to the structure. 与上游路肩一起提供结构稳定性的土堤。
9	drainage blanket	排水层; 排水铺面
	Layer of permeable materials on the foundation of the dam; it collects infiltrated water and prevents erosion of the base of the dam. 坝基渗透材料层；它收集渗透的水，防止坝基的侵蚀。
10	upstream shoulder	上游路肩
	Soil embankment located on the reservoir side; its mass provides stability to the dam. 位于水库侧的土堤；它的质量为大坝提供了稳定性。
11	upstream toe	上游坝趾,上游坝脚
	Area where the upstream shoulder and the foundation of the dam meet. 上游坝肩与坝基相遇的区域。
12	downstream toe	坝趾,堤趾
	Area where the downstream shoulder and the foundation of the dam meet. 坝肩下游和坝基相遇的区域。
13	berm [bɜːrm]	崖径;护道;小搁板;小平台;后滨阶地
	Horizontal ledge that stabilizes the upstream or downstream shoulder. 稳定上游或下游路肩的水平壁架。
14	wave wall	防浪墙
	Small wall located at the top of the upstream shoulder that protects the dam against waves. 位于上游路肩顶部的小墙，用于保护大坝免受波浪影响。
15	pitching [’pɪtʃɪŋ]	[棒球]投掷;（船等）上下颠簸动词pitch
	Layer of rock or concrete blocks that covers the upstream shoulder to prevent erosion. 覆盖上游路肩以防止侵蚀的岩石或混凝土块层。
16	clay core	粘土型芯
	Central portion of the dam that is usually made of compact clay to make it watertight. 大坝的中心部分，通常由密实粘土制成，以使其防水。

1	berm [bɜːrm]	崖径;护道;小搁板;小平台;后滨阶地
	Horizontal ledge that stabilizes the upstream or downstream shoulder. 稳定上游或下游路肩的水平壁架。
2	clay core	粘土型芯
	Central portion of the dam that is usually made of compact clay to make it watertight. 大坝的中心部分，通常由密实粘土制成，以使其防水。
3	cross section of an embankment dam	土石坝横断面

4	cut-off trench	截水槽,齿槽
	Area of the foundation of the dam that is connected to the core; it contains impermeable materials to limit leakage and infiltration under the dam. 与坝体相连的坝基面积；它含有不透水材料，以限制坝下的渗漏和渗透。
5	downstream shoulder	下游路肩
	Soil embankment that, together with the upstream shoulder, provides stability to the structure. 与上游路肩一起提供结构稳定性的土堤。
6	downstream toe	坝趾,堤趾
	Area where the downstream shoulder and the foundation of the dam meet. 坝肩下游和坝基相遇的区域。
7	drainage blanket	排水层; 排水铺面
	Layer of permeable materials on the foundation of the dam; it collects infiltrated water and prevents erosion of the base of the dam. 坝基渗透材料层；它收集渗透的水，防止坝基的侵蚀。
8	drainage layer	排水层
	Layer of permeable materials that is inserted into large-scale dams to collect infiltrated water. 插入大型水坝以收集渗透水的渗透材料层。
9	embankment dam	填筑坝,土石坝
	Formed of mounds of earth or rocks, it is used mainly when the subsoil does not allow for construction of a concrete dam. 由土堆或岩石堆成，主要用于底土不允许建造混凝土坝的情况。
10	foundation of dam	坝基
	Natural terrain (such as rock, sand or clay) on which the dam is built. 筑坝的自然地形（如岩石、沙子或粘土）。
11	pitching [’pɪtʃɪŋ]	[棒球]投掷;（船等）上下颠簸动词pitch
	Layer of rock or concrete blocks that covers the upstream shoulder to prevent erosion. 覆盖上游路肩以防止侵蚀的岩石或混凝土块层。
12	sand [sænd]	沙;沙子
	Granular material that is inserted between the core and the shoulder; it filters particles carried by the water flow to prevent erosion. 插入芯部和肩部之间的粒状材料；它过滤水流携带的颗粒，以防止侵蚀。
13	upstream blanket	上游铺盖
	Impermeable layer that consists of compact clay; it rests on the bottom of the dam to prevent infiltration. 由致密粘土组成的不透水层；它位于大坝底部，以防止渗透。
14	upstream shoulder	上游路肩
	Soil embankment located on the reservoir side; its mass provides stability to the dam. 位于水库侧的土堤；它的质量为大坝提供了稳定性。
15	upstream toe	上游坝趾,上游坝脚
	Area where the upstream shoulder and the foundation of the dam meet. 上游坝肩与坝基相遇的区域。
16	wave wall	防浪墙
	Small wall located at the top of the upstream shoulder that protects the dam against waves. 位于上游路肩顶部的小墙，用于保护大坝免受波浪影响。

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