在英汉翻译中,"muck"和"mire"这对近义词的辨析需要从语义侧重、使用语境和搭配习惯三个维度进行把握:
1. 物质属性差异
"muck"(常译作"淤泥/粪肥")更强调有机物质成分:
- 农业语境:指混合肥料(如farmyard muck农家肥)
- 日常用法:可泛指污物("clean up the muck"清理脏东西)
- 特殊搭配:muck-raking(贬义)揭丑新闻
"mire"(多译作"泥沼/泥潭")侧重地质特征:
- 自然描写:指危险沼泽地(如"bogged down in the mire"陷入泥沼)
- 比喻用法:表困境("the mire of debt"债务泥潭) ...(以上内容有节略,please sign in for more)
To cause or permit to stick fast in mire; to plunge or fix in mud; as, to mire a horse or wagon.
To stick or entangle; to involve in difficulties; - often used in the passive or predicate form; as, we got mired in bureaucratic red tape and it took years longer than planned.
To soil with mud or foul matter.
To stick in mire.
Abbreviation of Amuck.
Dung in a moist state; manure.
Vegetable mold mixed with earth, as found in low, damp places and swamps.
Anything filthy or vile.
Money; - in contempt.
The unwanted material, especially rock or soil, that must be excavated in order to reach the valuable ore; also, the unwanted material after being excavated or crushed by blasting, or after being removed to a waste pile. In the latter sense, also called a muck pile.
Like muck; mucky; also, used in collecting or distributing muck; as, a muck fork.
To manure with muck.
To excavate and remove muck{5}. Often used with out, as, to muck out a round.
To cause or permit to stick fast in mire; to plunge or fix in mud; as, to mire a horse or wagon.
To stick or entangle; to involve in difficulties; - often used in the passive or predicate form; as, we got mired in bureaucratic red tape and it took years longer than planned.
To soil with mud or foul matter.
To stick in mire.
Abbreviation of Amuck.
Dung in a moist state; manure.
Vegetable mold mixed with earth, as found in low, damp places and swamps.
Anything filthy or vile.
Money; - in contempt.
The unwanted material, especially rock or soil, that must be excavated in order to reach the valuable ore; also, the unwanted material after being excavated or crushed by blasting, or after being removed to a waste pile. In the latter sense, also called a muck pile.
Like muck; mucky; also, used in collecting or distributing muck; as, a muck fork.
To manure with muck.
To excavate and remove muck{5}. Often used with out, as, to muck out a round.