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堂吉诃德|Don Quixote

Part 2 第45章|Part 2 Chapter 43

属类： 双语小说 【分类】世界名著 -[作者: 塞万提斯] 阅读：[44444]
《堂吉诃德》是一部幽默诙谐、滑稽可笑、充满了奇思妙想的长篇文学巨著。此书主要描写了一个有趣、可敬、可悲、喜欢自欺欺人的没落贵族堂吉诃德，他痴狂地迷恋古代骑士小说，以至于放弃家业，用破甲驽马装扮成古代骑士的样子，再雇佣农民桑乔作侍从，三次出征周游全国，去创建所谓的扶弱锄强的骑士业绩。他们在征险的生涯中闹出了许多笑话，到处碰壁受辱，堂吉诃德多次被打成重伤，有一次还被当成疯子关在笼子里遣送回乡。最后，他因征战不利郁郁寡欢而与世长辞，临终前他那一番貌似悔悟的话语让人匪夷所思又哭笑不得。
《 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 》
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太阳啊，大地的永恒观察者，地球的火炬，天空的眼睛！你促使人们使用凉杯；有人称你是廷布里奥，有人称你是费博①；在这儿你是射手，在那儿你是医生；你是诗歌之父，你又是音乐的创始者！你只升不落，虽然看起来你也沉落。我要告诉你，太阳，在你的帮助下，人们一代代繁衍；我要告诉你，太阳，是你在黑暗中照亮了我的智慧，让我能逐一叙述出伟大的桑乔担任总督的事情；没有你，我会感到虚弱无力，迷茫徬徨。

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①廷布里奥和费博都是太阳神的意思。

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且说桑乔带着他的全体随行人员来到了有一千多居民的地方，那是公爵最好的领地之一。小岛的名字叫巴拉托里亚岛，这也许是因为那个地方本来就叫巴拉托里亚，也许是因为给桑乔的是个便宜的总督位置①。小岛上围了一圈城墙。桑乔刚到城门口，城内的全体官员就出来迎接。人们敲起了钟，大家显示出一片欢腾的样子。桑乔被前呼后拥着送到当地最大的教堂，向上帝谢恩。在举行了一些滑稽的仪式之后，人们向桑乔赠送了该城的钥匙，接受他为巴拉托里亚岛的永久总督。

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①巴拉托里亚与西班牙语中“便宜”一词的语音相近。

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新总督的服装、大胡子和胖身子使所有不明底细的人都感到惊奇，就连知道底细的人也不无诧异。从教堂出来后，桑乔又被送到审判厅的座椅上。公爵的管家对桑乔说：

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“总督大人，这个岛上有个老习惯，就是新总督上任，必须回答向他提出的一个问题，而这个问题可能有点棘手，以便让人们了解一下新总督的智慧，由此看出他的到来究竟是可喜还是可悲。”

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管家对桑乔说着这些话，桑乔却在观看座椅对面墙上的很多大字。他不识字，便问墙上画的是什么。有人告诉他：

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“大人，那上面注明了您就任这个岛屿总督的日期。上面写着：今天，某年某月某日，唐桑乔·潘萨就任本岛总督，祝愿他享职多年。”

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“谁叫唐桑乔·潘萨？”桑乔问。

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“就是您呀，”管家说，“在这个岛上，除了您这位坐在椅子上的潘萨，再没有其他人了。”

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“那你听着，兄弟，”桑乔说，“我没有什么‘唐’的头衔，我家世世代代也没有过这个头衔，称我桑乔·潘萨就行了。我的父亲叫桑乔，我的祖父叫桑乔，所有的桑乔都没什么唐不唐的。我估计这个岛上的‘唐’准比石头还多，这已经够了。上帝会理解我。只要我做上四天总督，就会把这些‘唐’都清除掉。他们一群一群像苍蝇一样讨厌。管家，请提问吧，不管老百姓伤心不伤心，我都会尽我所知来回答。”

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这时有两个人走进了审判厅，一个人是农夫的打扮，另一个人像是裁缝，手里还拿着把剪刀。裁缝说道：

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“总督大人，我和这个农夫是来请您明断的。这个农夫昨天到我的裁缝店来。诸位，对不起，上帝保佑，我是个经过考核的裁缝。他拿着一块布问我：‘大人，这块布能够做一顶帽子吗？’我量了量布，说行。我想，他肯定怀疑我会偷他一小块布。果然，我想对了。这完全是出于他对裁缝的恶意和偏见。他又问我做两顶帽子行不行。我猜透了他的心思，对他说行。他仍然贼心不死，还要加做帽子，我也同意了。最后，我们一直加到了五顶帽子。现在，他来取帽子，我把帽子给了他，可是他不愿意掏钱，还让我赔他钱或者还他布。”

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“就这些吗，兄弟？”桑乔问。

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“是的，大人，”农夫说道，“不过，您还是让他把他给我做的那五顶帽子拿出来看看吧。”

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“那没问题。”裁缝说。

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裁缝立刻把手从短斗篷里抽了出来，手的五个手指头上各戴着一顶小帽子。裁缝说道：

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“这就是这个人让我做的五顶帽子。我凭良心向上帝发誓，我没留下一点儿布。我可以让裁缝行业的监查员来检验。”

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看见这几顶帽子，听了这场官司，所有在场的人都笑了。

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桑乔考虑了一下说道：

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“我觉得这个案子不用拖延很久，明眼人马上就可以裁断。现在我判决：裁缝不许要工钱，农夫不许要布料，帽子送给牢里的囚徒，行了。”

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大家对刚才那牧主钱包案①的判决感到佩服，对这个判决却不由得哄堂大笑。不过，他们还是按照总督的吩咐去做了。这时又来了另外两位老人，一位手里拿着竹杖。没拿竹杖的老人说道：

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“大人，不久前我为了满足他的要求，做点好事，曾借给他十个金盾，讲好在我向他要的时候他就还我。我不想让他因为还钱而过得比向我借钱时还窘迫，因此就很长时间没催他还钱。后来我觉得他好像不想还了，就再三找他要。可是他不仅不还我钱，还矢口否认，说他从来没有向我借过十个金盾；如果真借了，他早就还了。我没有证人能证明我把钱借给了他，他也没有证人证明他把钱还给了我，因为他根本就没还给我钱。我想请您让他发个誓。如果他敢发誓说已经把钱还给我了，我今生来世都不要这笔钱了。”

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①此处有误，牧主钱包案是下面的案子。

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“你有什么好说的，拿竹杖的好老头？”桑乔问。

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老人答道：

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“大人，我承认他曾借钱给我。请您垂下您的权杖吧。既然他让我发誓吧，那我就对着权杖发誓吧，我确确实实把钱还给他了。”

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总督把权杖交给拿竹杖的老人。老人把他的竹杖交给另一位老人，似乎有些行动不便地走过去，手摸着权杖的十字架说，他的确借了十个金盾，但他已经把钱还到了另一位老人手里，而那位老人忘记了，现在又来要他还钱。

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伟大的总督于是问债主怎么回答，说欠债人肯定是已经把钱还了，他觉得欠债人是个好人，是善良的基督徒，估计是债主忘记了欠债人在什么时候和什么地方已经把钱还给他了，所以以后再也不许向欠债人讨债了。欠债人拿过竹杖，低着头退出了审判厅。桑乔见状也立刻要退堂。可是他看到原告仍等在那里，便垂头到胸前，把右手的食指放在眉毛和鼻子之间，若有所思了一会儿，然后抬起头，叫人把拿竹杖的老人找回来。老人回来了，桑乔一见到他便说道：

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“善良的人，请您把竹杖交给我，我有用。”

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“我十分愿意交给您，”老人说，“请您拿去吧，大人。”

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竹杖交到了桑乔手里。桑乔一拿到竹杖，就把它交给另一位老人，并对那位老人说道：

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“上帝保佑您，欠您的钱已经还给您了。”

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“还给我了，大人？”老人问，“这么一根竹杖就值十个金盾吗？”

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“是的，”总督说，“如果不是这样，我就是世界上的头号笨蛋。现在，就可以看出我是否有能力管理一个王国啦。”

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桑乔命令当众把竹杖打开。竹杖打开后，在里面发现了十个金盾。众人都惊奇不已，觉得他们的总督真是个新萨洛蒙①。大家问桑乔怎么会想到竹杖里面藏有十个金盾。桑乔回答说，他见那个老头把竹杖交给了对方，才发誓说确实把钱还了，可是发完誓以后又把竹杖要了回来，于是他就猜到那十个金盾在竹杖里面。由此人们可以推断出，有些总督虽然笨，却有上帝指引他们断案。另外，桑乔曾听村里的神甫讲过一个类似的案子。若不是桑乔偶尔会把他想记住的事情忘掉，整个岛上恐怕找不出比他更好的记性呢。最后，两位老人一个满面愧色，另一个拿到了钱，一同离去了。在场的人都深感意外，为桑乔写传的人也拿不定桑乔到底是愚蠢还是聪明了。

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①古代一贤王，以善断疑案著称。

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这个案子刚了结，又进来一个女人。她紧紧抓着一个男人，看打扮，那男人是个富裕的牧主。女人边走边喊：

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“请您主持公道啊，总督大人，请您主持公道！如果我在地上找不到公道，就只好上天去找了！尊贵的总督大人，这个臭男人在田里抓住了我，像用破抹布似的把我糟蹋了。我真倒霉，我守了二十三年多，躲过了摩尔人和基督徒，躲过了当地人和外来人。我一直守身如玉，平安无事或是逢凶化吉，结果到头来却让这个家伙坐享其成了。”

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“这个男人是否坐享其成，还得调查呢。”桑乔说。

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桑乔转身问那个男人，对于那女人的指责有什么可说的。

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那人已慌成一团，答道：

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“诸位大人，我是个可怜的牧主。今天上午我出去卖——对不起，恕我失言，卖了四头猪。交了贸易税和其他各种苛税杂税后，刚刚够本。在回村的路上，我碰到了这个臭婆娘，我们竟鬼使神差地混到了一起。我付了她足够的钱，可她还不满足，揪住我不放，把我拽到这儿，说我强奸了她。我发誓，我马上就发誓，她撒谎。这就是全部真相，一点儿不假。”

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总督问他身上是否带着钱。牧主说他怀里的一个皮钱包里有二十杜卡多。总督让他把皮钱包拿出来，原封不动地交给那女人。牧主颤抖着把钱包掏了出来。女人把钱包拿过去，向所有人千恩万谢，又祈求上帝让保护苦难弱女的总督健康长寿，然后双手抓着钱包走出了审判厅。不过，在走出去之前，她已经看到了钱包里确实有钱。牧主眼含泪水地一直盯着自己的钱包。那女人刚走出去，桑乔就对牧主说：

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“喂，你去跟着那女人，不管她答应不答应，都要把钱包抢回来，然后再同她一起回到这儿来。”

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桑乔这句话可没白说。收主立刻闪电般地冲出去抢钱包。所有在场的人都莫名其妙，等着看这个案子怎样收场。过了一会儿，这一男一女就回来了，两人比先前扭得还紧。那女人提着裙子，把钱包放在裙兜里。牧主想把钱包夺回来，可那女人一直死死护着，竟夺不回来。那女人大声喊道：

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“让上帝和世人主持一下公道吧，您看看，总督大人，这个没心没肺的东西多不要脸，多大的胆子，竟敢在光天化日之下把您判给我的钱包抢回去！”

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“他把钱包抢走了吗？”总督问。

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“抢走？”那女人说，“谁要想抢走这钱包，得先要了我的命。这个宝贝儿！别人或许还能吓唬吓唬我，但不是这个令人恶心的倒霉鬼！即使用钳子、锤子、榔头、凿子，他也休想把钱包从我手里抢走，就是用狮爪子也不行，除非先把我杀了！”

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“她说得对，”牧主说，“我服输了。我承认我没那么大力气把钱包从她那儿夺回来。只好这样了。”

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于是，总督对那女人说：

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“正直而又勇敢的女人，把那钱包拿出来让我看看。”

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女人把钱包递给总督，总督又把钱包递给了牧主，然后对那个力大无比的女人说道：

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“我说大姐呀，如果你用你刚才保护钱包的勇气和力量来保护自己的身体，即使是赫拉克勒斯也不能奈何你！你趁早滚蛋吧，滚出这个岛屿，滚得远远的，否则就打你二百鞭子。

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赶紧滚吧，你这个骗子，不要脸的东西！”

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那女人吓坏了，低着头，垂头丧气地走了。

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“臭东西，带着你的钱滚回去吧。如果你不想再赔钱的话，从今以后就再也不要跟谁鬼混了。”

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牧主十分尴尬地道了谢，然后走了。周围的人再次对新总督的判断感到佩服。这些都被桑乔的传记作者记了下来，并且送到了公爵那儿，公爵正急着要看呢！

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桑乔的事就先写到这儿，咱们赶紧去看看他的主人吧。唐吉诃德这时正被阿尔蒂西多拉的音乐弄得神魂颠倒呢。

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Who, hearing the foregoing discourse of Don Quixote, would not have set him down for a person of great good sense and greater rectitude of purpose? But, as has been frequently observed in the course of this great history, he only talked nonsense when he touched on chivalry, and in discussing all other subjects showed that he had a clear and unbiassed understanding; so that at every turn his acts gave the lie to his intellect, and his intellect to his acts; but in the case of these second counsels that he gave Sancho he showed himself to have a lively turn of humour, and displayed conspicuously his wisdom, and also his folly.

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Sancho listened to him with the deepest attention, and endeavoured to fix his counsels in his memory, like one who meant to follow them and by their means bring the full promise of his government to a happy issue. Don Quixote, then, went on to say:

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“With regard to the mode in which thou shouldst govern thy person and thy house, Sancho, the first charge I have to give thee is to be clean, and to cut thy nails, not letting them grow as some do, whose ignorance makes them fancy that long nails are an ornament to their hands, as if those excrescences they neglect to cut were nails, and not the talons of a lizard-catching kestrel — a filthy and unnatural abuse.

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“Go not ungirt and loose, Sancho; for disordered attire is a sign of an unstable mind, unless indeed the slovenliness and slackness is to he set down to craft, as was the common opinion in the case of Julius Caesar.

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“Ascertain cautiously what thy office may be worth; and if it will allow thee to give liveries to thy servants, give them respectable and serviceable, rather than showy and gay ones, and divide them between thy servants and the poor; that is to say, if thou canst clothe six pages, clothe three and three poor men, and thus thou wilt have pages for heaven and pages for earth; the vainglorious never think of this new mode of giving liveries.

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“Eat not garlic nor onions, lest they find out thy boorish origin by the smell; walk slowly and speak deliberately, but not in such a way as to make it seem thou art listening to thyself, for all affectation is bad.

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“Dine sparingly and sup more sparingly still; for the health of the whole body is forged in the workshop of the stomach.

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“Be temperate in drinking, bearing in mind that wine in excess keeps neither secrets nor promises.

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“Take care, Sancho, not to chew on both sides, and not to eruct in anybody’s presence.”

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“Eruct!” said Sancho; “I don’t know what that means.”

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“To eruct, Sancho,” said Don Quixote, “means to belch, and that is one of the filthiest words in the Spanish language, though a very expressive one; and therefore nice folk have had recourse to the Latin, and instead of belch say eruct, and instead of belches say eructations; and if some do not understand these terms it matters little, for custom will bring them into use in the course of time, so that they will be readily understood; this is the way a language is enriched; custom and the public are all-powerful there.”

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“In truth, senor,” said Sancho, “one of the counsels and cautions I mean to bear in mind shall be this, not to belch, for I’m constantly doing it.”

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“Eruct, Sancho, not belch,” said Don Quixote.

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“Eruct, I shall say henceforth, and I swear not to forget it,” said Sancho.

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“Likewise, Sancho,” said Don Quixote, “thou must not mingle such a quantity of proverbs in thy discourse as thou dost; for though proverbs are short maxims, thou dost drag them in so often by the head and shoulders that they savour more of nonsense than of maxims.”

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“God alone can cure that,” said Sancho; “for I have more proverbs in me than a book, and when I speak they come so thick together into my mouth that they fall to fighting among themselves to get out; that’s why my tongue lets fly the first that come, though they may not be pat to the purpose. But I’ll take care henceforward to use such as befit the dignity of my office; for ‘in a house where there’s plenty, supper is soon cooked,’ and ‘he who binds does not wrangle,’ and ‘the bell-ringer’s in a safe berth,’ and ‘giving and keeping require brains.’”

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“That’s it, Sancho!” said Don Quixote; “pack, tack, string proverbs together; nobody is hindering thee! ‘My mother beats me, and I go on with my tricks.’ I am bidding thee avoid proverbs, and here in a second thou hast shot out a whole litany of them, which have as much to do with what we are talking about as ‘over the hills of Ubeda.’ Mind, Sancho, I do not say that a proverb aptly brought in is objectionable; but to pile up and string together proverbs at random makes conversation dull and vulgar.

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“When thou ridest on horseback, do not go lolling with thy body on the back of the saddle, nor carry thy legs stiff or sticking out from the horse’s belly, nor yet sit so loosely that one would suppose thou wert on Dapple; for the seat on a horse makes gentlemen of some and grooms of others.

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“Be moderate in thy sleep; for he who does not rise early does not get the benefit of the day; and remember, Sancho, diligence is the mother of good fortune, and indolence, its opposite, never yet attained the object of an honest ambition.

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“The last counsel I will give thee now, though it does not tend to bodily improvement, I would have thee carry carefully in thy memory, for I believe it will be no less useful to thee than those I have given thee already, and it is this — never engage in a dispute about families, at least in the way of comparing them one with another; for necessarily one of those compared will be better than the other, and thou wilt be hated by the one thou hast disparaged, and get nothing in any shape from the one thou hast exalted.

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“Thy attire shall be hose of full length, a long jerkin, and a cloak a trifle longer; loose breeches by no means, for they are becoming neither for gentlemen nor for governors.

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“For the present, Sancho, this is all that has occurred to me to advise thee; as time goes by and occasions arise my instructions shall follow, if thou take care to let me know how thou art circumstanced.”

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“Senor,” said Sancho, “I see well enough that all these things your worship has said to me are good, holy, and profitable; but what use will they be to me if I don’t remember one of them? To be sure that about not letting my nails grow, and marrying again if I have the chance, will not slip out of my head; but all that other hash, muddle, and jumble — I don’t and can’t recollect any more of it than of last year’s clouds; so it must be given me in writing; for though I can’t either read or write, I’ll give it to my confessor, to drive it into me and remind me of it whenever it is necessary.”

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“Ah, sinner that I am!” said Don Quixote, “how bad it looks in governors not to know how to read or write; for let me tell thee, Sancho, when a man knows not how to read, or is left-handed, it argues one of two things; either that he was the son of exceedingly mean and lowly parents, or that he himself was so incorrigible and ill-conditioned that neither good company nor good teaching could make any impression on him. It is a great defect that thou labourest under, and therefore I would have thee learn at any rate to sign thy name.” “I can sign my name well enough,” said Sancho, “for when I was steward of the brotherhood in my village I learned to make certain letters, like the marks on bales of goods, which they told me made out my name. Besides I can pretend my right hand is disabled and make some one else sign for me, for ‘there’s a remedy for everything except death;’ and as I shall be in command and hold the staff, I can do as I like; moreover, ‘he who has the alcalde for his father — ,’ and I’ll be governor, and that’s higher than alcalde. Only come and see! Let them make light of me and abuse me; ‘they’ll come for wool and go back shorn;’ ‘whom God loves, his house is known to Him;’ ‘the silly sayings of the rich pass for saws in the world;’ and as I’ll be rich, being a governor, and at the same time generous, as I mean to be, no fault will he seen in me. ‘Only make yourself honey and the flies will suck you;’ ‘as much as thou hast so much art thou worth,’ as my grandmother used to say; and ‘thou canst have no revenge of a man of substance.’”

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“Oh, God’s curse upon thee, Sancho!” here exclaimed Don Quixote; “sixty thousand devils fly away with thee and thy proverbs! For the last hour thou hast been stringing them together and inflicting the pangs of torture on me with every one of them. Those proverbs will bring thee to the gallows one day, I promise thee; thy subjects will take the government from thee, or there will be revolts among them. Tell me, where dost thou pick them up, thou booby? How dost thou apply them, thou blockhead? For with me, to utter one and make it apply properly, I have to sweat and labour as if I were digging.”

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“By God, master mine,” said Sancho, “your worship is making a fuss about very little. Why the devil should you be vexed if I make use of what is my own? And I have got nothing else, nor any other stock in trade except proverbs and more proverbs; and here are three just this instant come into my head, pat to the purpose and like pears in a basket; but I won’t repeat them, for ‘sage silence is called Sancho.’”

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“That, Sancho, thou art not,” said Don Quixote; “for not only art thou not sage silence, but thou art pestilent prate and perversity; still I would like to know what three proverbs have just now come into thy memory, for I have been turning over mine own — and it is a good one — and none occurs to me.”

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“What can be better,” said Sancho, “than ‘never put thy thumbs between two back teeth;’ and ‘to “get out of my house” and “what do you want with my wife?” there is no answer;’ and ‘whether the pitcher hits the stove, or the stove the pitcher, it’s a bad business for the pitcher;’ all which fit to a hair? For no one should quarrel with his governor, or him in authority over him, because he will come off the worst, as he does who puts his finger between two back and if they are not back teeth it makes no difference, so long as they are teeth; and to whatever the governor may say there’s no answer, any more than to ‘get out of my house’ and ‘what do you want with my wife?’ and then, as for that about the stone and the pitcher, a blind man could see that. So that he ‘who sees the mote in another’s eye had need to see the beam in his own,’ that it be not said of himself, ‘the dead woman was frightened at the one with her throat cut;’ and your worship knows well that ‘the fool knows more in his own house than the wise man in another’s .’”

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“Nay, Sancho,” said Don Quixote, “the fool knows nothing, either in his own house or in anybody else’s , for no wise structure of any sort can stand on a foundation of folly; but let us say no more about it, Sancho, for if thou governest badly, thine will he the fault and mine the shame; but I comfort myself with having done my duty in advising thee as earnestly and as wisely as I could; and thus I am released from my obligations and my promise. God guide thee, Sancho, and govern thee in thy government, and deliver me from the misgiving I have that thou wilt turn the whole island upside down, a thing I might easily prevent by explaining to the duke what thou art and telling him that all that fat little person of thine is nothing else but a sack full of proverbs and sauciness.”

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“Senor,” said Sancho, “if your worship thinks I’m not fit for this government, I give it up on the spot; for the mere black of the nail of my soul is dearer to me than my whole body; and I can live just as well, simple Sancho, on bread and onions, as governor, on partridges and capons; and what’s more, while we’re asleep we’re all equal, great and small, rich and poor. But if your worship looks into it, you will see it was your worship alone that put me on to this business of governing; for I know no more about the government of islands than a buzzard; and if there’s any reason to think that because of my being a governor the devil will get hold of me, I’d rather go Sancho to heaven than governor to hell.”

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“By God, Sancho,” said Don Quixote, “for those last words thou hast uttered alone, I consider thou deservest to be governor of a thousand islands. Thou hast good natural instincts, without which no knowledge is worth anything; commend thyself to God, and try not to swerve in the pursuit of thy main object; I mean, always make it thy aim and fixed purpose to do right in all matters that come before thee, for heaven always helps good intentions; and now let us go to dinner, for I think my lord and lady are waiting for us.”

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