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堂吉诃德|Don Quixote

Part 2 第6章|Part 2 Chapter 5

属类: 双语小说 【分类】世界名著 -[作者: 塞万提斯] 阅读:[44514]
《堂吉诃德》是一部幽默诙谐、滑稽可笑、充满了奇思妙想的长篇文学巨著。此书主要描写了一个有趣、可敬、可悲、喜欢自欺欺人的没落贵族堂吉诃德,他痴狂地迷恋古代骑士小说,以至于放弃家业,用破甲驽马装扮成古代骑士的样子,再雇佣农民桑乔作侍从,三次出征周游全国,去创建所谓的扶弱锄强的骑士业绩。他们在征险的生涯中闹出了许多笑话,到处碰壁受辱,堂吉诃德多次被打成重伤,有一次还被当成疯子关在笼子里遣送回乡。最后,他因征战不利郁郁寡欢而与世长辞,临终前他那一番貌似悔悟的话语让人匪夷所思又哭笑不得。
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桑乔·潘萨和他的妻子特雷莎·卡斯卡霍聊天的时候,唐吉诃德的外甥女和女管家也没闲着。种种迹象表明,她们的舅舅或主人又要第三次出门,去从事游侠骑士的破行当。她们想尽各种办法,想让唐吉诃德打消这个可恶的念头,可一切都是对牛弹琴,徒劳一场。尽管如此,她们还是苦口婆心地劝他。女管家说:

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“说实在的,我的主人,如果您不踏踏实实地在家待着,而是像个幽灵似的出去翻山越岭,寻什么险,依我说就是自找倒霉,那我只好大声地向上帝和国王抱怨,请他们来管管这事了。”

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唐吉诃德对此回答道:

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“管家,上帝将怎样回答你的抱怨,我不知道;陛下将怎样回答你,我也不知道。我只知道如果我是国王,就不去理会这些每天没完没了的瞎告状。国王有很多让人挠头的事,其中之一就是要听大家的禀报,还要答复大家。所以,我不想让我的事情再去麻烦他。”

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女管家说:

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“那么,您告诉我,大人,陛下的朝廷里有没有骑士?”

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“当然有,”唐吉诃德说,“这不仅是帝王伟大的一种陪衬,而且是为了炫耀帝王的尊严。”

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“那么,”女管家说,“您为什么不安安稳稳地留在宫廷里服侍国王呢?”

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“你看,朋友,”唐吉诃德说,“并不是所有的骑士都能成为宫廷侍从,也不是宫廷侍从都能成为游侠骑士的,世界上各种各样的人都得有。虽然我们都是骑士,可骑士跟骑士又有很大差别。宫廷侍从可以连宫廷的门槛都不出,就在自己的房间里看地图游历世界,不用花一分钱,也不用遭风吹日晒,忍饥受渴。而我们这些真正的游侠骑士就得顶着严寒酷暑,风餐露宿,不分昼夜,步行或骑马,足迹踏遍各地。我们对付敌人并不是纸上谈兵,而是真刀真枪。危险时刻我们冲上前,从不多考虑什么骑士规则,我们的矛剑是否太短,是否带着护身符,是否把阳光分平均了①,还有其他一些诸如此类的决斗规则。这些你不懂,我却都知道。而且你应该知道,即使面对十个巨人,那些巨人高得刺破云天,腿似高塔,胳膊好像船上粗大的桅杆,眼睛大如磨盘,还冒出比炼玻璃炉更热的火焰,一个优秀的游侠骑士也不会感到畏惧;相反,他会潇洒勇猛地向巨人进攻,如果可能的话,就一下子把巨人打得落花流水,虽然那些巨人身披一种鱼鳞甲,据说比金刚石还结实,而且手持的不是短剑,是精致闪亮的钢刀,或是钢头铁锤,这种锤子我见过几次。我的管家,我说这些就是为了让你知道骑士与骑士并不完全相同。所以,各国君主特别器重这第二种骑士,或者说是第一等的游侠骑士,是理所当然的。在我读过的几本书里,有的游侠骑士拯救了不止一个王国,而是很多王国呢。”

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①决斗双方选择位置时,应注意面向阳光的程度要相等,以示公正。

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“可是我的大人,”外甥女这时候说,“您应该知道,这些说游侠骑士的书都是编造的。这些书如果还没被烧掉,也应该给它们穿上悔罪衣或者贴上什么标记,让人们知道它们全是些胡说八道、有伤风化的东西。”

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“我向养育了我的上帝发誓,”唐吉诃德说,“假如你不是我的外甥女,不是我姐妹的女儿,就凭你这番侮慢不恭的话,我早就狠狠地惩罚你了,让大家都能听到你叫唤!你这个乳臭未干的毛孩子,怎么能对骑士小说评头品足呢?如果阿马迪斯大人听到了会怎么说呢?不过,我敢肯定他会原谅你,因为他是他那个时代最谦恭的骑士,而且特别愿意保护少女。可是,如果其他不像他那样客气的骑士听到了会怎么样呢?有的骑士就很粗鲁。并非所有自称骑士的人都是一样的。有的很优秀,有的就很一般,看上去都像骑士,可并不是所有人都经得起考验。有些出身卑微的人特别渴望能被人看作骑士,可也有出身高贵的骑士却甘愿成为下等人。前一种人凭野心或是凭良心变得有地位了,而后一种人却因为懒惰或行为不轨而堕落了,所以,我们一定要以我们自己的明断力来区分这两类骑士,他们名称相同,行为却不一样。”

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“上帝保佑,”外甥女说,“您知道得可真够多的。如果必要的话,您真可以到大街上搭个布道台去进行说教了。可是您又睁着眼睛说瞎话,愚蠢得出奇。您本来已经上了年纪,却想让人以为您还很勇敢;您本来已经疾病缠身,却想让人以为您还年富力强;您本来已经风烛残年,却想让人以为您还能拨乱反正;尤其是您还自以为是骑士,其实您根本不是,破落贵族根本不能做骑士,穷人也不能做骑士!”

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“你说得很对,外甥女,”唐吉诃德说,“关于家族问题,我可以给你讲出一大堆话来,你准会感到惊奇。不过,我不想讲那么多了,以免把神圣的事同世俗的事混淆起来。你们仔细听我说,世界上各种各样的家族归纳起来一共有四种。一种是最初卑微,后来逐渐发展到很高贵的层次。另一种是开始就兴旺,后来始终保持着最初的水平。再一种就是开始很兴旺,后来发展成了一个金字塔尖。它的家族逐渐缩小,变成了极小的一部分,就像一座金字塔,它的底座已经毫无意义。最后一种家族人数最多,他们起初还算不错,说得过去,后来也是这样,就像一般老百姓家一样。第一种由卑微发展为高贵,而且仍然保持着高贵,其例子就是奥斯曼家族。这个家族从地位低下的牧人发展到了我们现在见到的这种地位。第二种开始不错,而且也保持下来了,很多君主都可以算作这种例子。他们继承了过去的境况,又把它保持下来,没有发展,也没有衰败,踏踏实实地过着他们的日子。至于那种最初很兴旺,后来只剩下一个尖的例子就成千上万了,例如埃及法老、图特摩斯、罗马的凯撒,还有无数的国王、君主、领主、米堤亚人、亚述人、波斯人、希腊人和北非伊斯兰教各国人,与先人相比,这些人的家族和权势都只剩下一点儿,现在已经找不到他们的后代了,即使能找到,地位也都很低下。

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“至于那些平民家族,我只能说他们的人数在不断扩充,可他们没有任何事迹可以留下美名,受到赞扬。你们这两个蠢货,我讲这些是为了让你们明白,现在对家族问题的模糊意识有多么严重。只有那些品德高尚、经济富有、慷慨好施的人才算得上伟大高贵。我说他们必须品德高尚、经济富有,而且慷慨好施,是因为一个人若只是伟大,如果他有毛病,那么他的毛病也大;如果一个人富有而不慷慨,那么她只能是个吝啬的乞丐,因为他只会拥有,不会正确使用他的财富,只会任意乱花或不花,而不会有效地利用它。贫穷的骑士则只能靠自己的品德,靠他和蔼可亲、举止高贵、谦恭有礼、勤奋备至、不高傲自大、不鼠肚鸡肠、尤其是仁慈敦厚来显示自己是个真正的骑士。他心甘情愿地给穷人两文钱,也和敲锣打鼓地施舍一样属于慷慨大方。如果他具有了上述品德,别人即使不认识他,也一定会以为他出身高贵,要不这样认为才怪呢。称赞历来就是对美德的奖励,有道德的人一定会受到称赞。

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“宝贝们,一个人要想既发财又有名气,有两条路可以走,一条是文的,另一条是武的,而我更适合于武的。我受战神的影响,生来偏武,所以我必须走这条路,即使所有人反对也无济于事。你们费心劳神地想让我不从事天意所指、命运所定、情理所求、尤其是我的意志希望我去做的事情,那只能是枉费心机,因为我知道游侠骑士须付出的无数辛劳,也知道靠游侠骑士能得到的各种利益。我知道这条道德之路非常狭窄,而恶习之路却很宽广,但是它们的结局却不相同。恶习之路虽然宽广,却只能导致死亡,而道德之路尽管狭窄艰苦,导致的却是生机,而且不是有生而止,是永生而无穷尽,就像我们伟大的西班牙诗人①说的:

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沿着这崎岖的道路,

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通向不朽的境界,

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怯者无指望。”

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①此处指加尔西拉索·德拉·维加(1539—1616)。

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“我真倒霉透了,”外甥女说,“瞧我的舅舅还是诗人呢。他无所不知,无所不能。他若是个泥瓦匠,盖一所房子准像搭个鸟笼子似的易如反掌。”

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“我敢保证,外甥女,”唐吉诃德说,“若不是骑士思想占据了我的全部身心,我真可以无所不能呢。我什么都会做,特别是鸟笼子、牙签之类的东西,这并不新鲜。”

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这时候有人叫门。几个人问是谁在叫门,桑乔说是他。女管家对桑乔简直讨厌透了,一听是他,立刻躲了起来,不愿见他。外甥女打开了门,唐吉诃德出来展开双臂迎接他。两个人又在房间里开始了另外一场谈话,同前面那次一样有趣。

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The translator of this history, when he comes to write this fifth chapter, says that he considers it apocryphal, because in it Sancho Panza speaks in a style unlike that which might have been expected from his limited intelligence, and says things so subtle that he does not think it possible he could have conceived them; however, desirous of doing what his task imposed upon him, he was unwilling to leave it untranslated, and therefore he went on to say:

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Sancho came home in such glee and spirits that his wife noticed his happiness a bowshot off, so much so that it made her ask him, “What have you got, Sancho friend, that you are so glad?”

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To which he replied, “Wife, if it were God’s will, I should be very glad not to be so well pleased as I show myself.”

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“I don’t understand you, husband,” said she, “and I don’t know what you mean by saying you would be glad, if it were God’s will, not to be well pleased; for, fool as I am, I don’t know how one can find pleasure in not having it.”

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Hark ye, Teresa,” replied Sancho, “I am glad because I have made up my mind to go back to the service of my master Don Quixote, who means to go out a third time to seek for adventures; and I am going with him again, for my necessities will have it so, and also the hope that cheers me with the thought that I may find another hundred crowns like those we have spent; though it makes me sad to have to leave thee and the children; and if God would be pleased to let me have my daily bread, dry-shod and at home, without taking me out into the byways and cross-roads — and he could do it at small cost by merely willing it — it is clear my happiness would be more solid and lasting, for the happiness I have is mingled with sorrow at leaving thee; so that I was right in saying I would be glad, if it were God’s will, not to be well pleased.”

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“Look here, Sancho,” said Teresa; “ever since you joined on to a knight-errant you talk in such a roundabout way that there is no understanding you.”

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“It is enough that God understands me, wife,” replied Sancho; “for he is the understander of all things; that will do; but mind, sister, you must look to Dapple carefully for the next three days, so that he may be fit to take arms; double his feed, and see to the pack-saddle and other harness, for it is not to a wedding we are bound, but to go round the world, and play at give and take with giants and dragons and monsters, and hear hissings and roarings and bellowings and howlings; and even all this would be lavender, if we had not to reckon with Yanguesans and enchanted Moors.”

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“I know well enough, husband,” said Teresa, “that squires-errant don’t eat their bread for nothing, and so I will be always praying to our Lord to deliver you speedily from all that hard fortune.”

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“I can tell you, wife,” said Sancho, “if I did not expect to see myself governor of an island before long, I would drop down dead on the spot.”

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“Nay, then, husband,” said Teresa; “let the hen live, though it be with her pip, live, and let the devil take all the governments in the world; you came out of your mother’s womb without a government, you have lived until now without a government, and when it is God’s will you will go, or be carried, to your grave without a government. How many there are in the world who live without a government, and continue to live all the same, and are reckoned in the number of the people. The best sauce in the world is hunger, and as the poor are never without that, they always eat with a relish. But mind, Sancho, if by good luck you should find yourself with some government, don’t forget me and your children. Remember that Sanchico is now full fifteen, and it is right he should go to school, if his uncle the abbot has a mind to have him trained for the Church. Consider, too, that your daughter Mari-Sancha will not die of grief if we marry her; for I have my suspicions that she is as eager to get a husband as you to get a government; and, after all, a daughter looks better ill married than well whored.”

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“By my faith,” replied Sancho, “if God brings me to get any sort of a government, I intend, wife, to make such a high match for Mari-Sancha that there will be no approaching her without calling her ‘my lady.”

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“Nay, Sancho,” returned Teresa; “marry her to her equal, that is the safest plan; for if you put her out of wooden clogs into high-heeled shoes, out of her grey flannel petticoat into hoops and silk gowns, out of the plain ‘Marica’ and ‘thou,’ into ‘Dona So-and-so’ and ‘my lady,’ the girl won’t know where she is, and at every turn she will fall into a thousand blunders that will show the thread of her coarse homespun stuff.”

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“Tut, you fool,” said Sancho; “it will be only to practise it for two or three years; and then dignity and decorum will fit her as easily as a glove; and if not, what matter? Let her he ‘my lady,’ and never mind what happens.”

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“Keep to your own station, Sancho,” replied Teresa; “don’t try to raise yourself higher, and bear in mind the proverb that says, ‘wipe the nose of your neigbbour’s son, and take him into your house.’ A fine thing it would be, indeed, to marry our Maria to some great count or grand gentleman, who, when the humour took him, would abuse her and call her clown-bred and clodhopper’s daughter and spinning wench. I have not been bringing up my daughter for that all this time, I can tell you, husband. Do you bring home money, Sancho, and leave marrying her to my care; there is Lope Tocho, Juan Tocho’s son, a stout, sturdy young fellow that we know, and I can see he does not look sour at the girl; and with him, one of our own sort, she will be well married, and we shall have her always under our eyes, and be all one family, parents and children, grandchildren and sons-in-law, and the peace and blessing of God will dwell among us; so don’t you go marrying her in those courts and grand palaces where they won’t know what to make of her, or she what to make of herself.”

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“Why, you idiot and wife for Barabbas,” said Sancho, “what do you mean by trying, without why or wherefore, to keep me from marrying my daughter to one who will give me grandchildren that will be called ‘your lordship’? Look ye, Teresa, I have always heard my elders say that he who does not know how to take advantage of luck when it comes to him, has no right to complain if it gives him the go-by; and now that it is knocking at our door, it will not do to shut it out; let us go with the favouring breeze that blows upon us.”

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It is this sort of talk, and what Sancho says lower down, that made the translator of the history say he considered this chapter apocryphal.

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“Don’t you see, you animal,” continued Sancho, “that it will be well for me to drop into some profitable government that will lift us out of the mire, and marry Mari-Sancha to whom I like; and you yourself will find yourself called ‘Dona Teresa Panza,’ and sitting in church on a fine carpet and cushions and draperies, in spite and in defiance of all the born ladies of the town? No, stay as you are, growing neither greater nor less, like a tapestry figure — Let us say no more about it, for Sanchica shall be a countess, say what you will.”

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“Are you sure of all you say, husband?” replied Teresa. “Well, for all that, I am afraid this rank of countess for my daughter will be her ruin. You do as you like, make a duchess or a princess of her, but I can tell you it will not be with my will and consent. I was always a lover of equality, brother, and I can’t bear to see people give themselves airs without any right. They called me Teresa at my baptism, a plain, simple name, without any additions or tags or fringes of Dons or Donas; Cascajo was my father’s name, and as I am your wife, I am called Teresa Panza, though by right I ought to he called Teresa Cascajo; but ‘kings go where laws like,’ and I am content with this name without having the ‘Don’ put on top of it to make it so heavy that I cannot carry it; and I don’t want to make people talk about me when they see me go dressed like a countess or governor’s wife; for they will say at once, ‘See what airs the slut gives herself! Only yesterday she was always spinning flax, and used to go to mass with the tail of her petticoat over her head instead of a mantle, and there she goes to-day in a hooped gown with her broaches and airs, as if we didn’t know her!’ If God keeps me in my seven senses, or five, or whatever number I have, I am not going to bring myself to such a pass; go you, brother, and be a government or an island man, and swagger as much as you like; for by the soul of my mother, neither my daughter nor I are going to stir a step from our village; a respectable woman should have a broken leg and keep at home; and to he busy at something is a virtuous damsel’s holiday; be off to your adventures along with your Don Quixote, and leave us to our misadventures, for God will mend them for us according as we deserve it. I don’t know, I’m sure, who fixed the ‘Don’ to him, what neither his father nor grandfather ever had.”

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“I declare thou hast a devil of some sort in thy body!” said Sancho. “God help thee, what a lot of things thou hast strung together, one after the other, without head or tail! What have Cascajo, and the broaches and the proverbs and the airs, to do with what I say? Look here, fool and dolt (for so I may call you, when you don’t understand my words, and run away from good fortune), if I had said that my daughter was to throw herself down from a tower, or go roaming the world, as the Infanta Dona Urraca wanted to do, you would be right in not giving way to my will; but if in an instant, in less than the twinkling of an eye, I put the ‘Don’ and ‘my lady’ on her back, and take her out of the stubble, and place her under a canopy, on a dais, and on a couch, with more velvet cushions than all the Almohades of Morocco ever had in their family, why won’t you consent and fall in with my wishes?”

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“Do you know why, husband?” replied Teresa; “because of the proverb that says ‘who covers thee, discovers thee.’ At the poor man people only throw a hasty glance; on the rich man they fix their eyes; and if the said rich man was once on a time poor, it is then there is the sneering and the tattle and spite of backbiters; and in the streets here they swarm as thick as bees.”

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“Look here, Teresa,” said Sancho, “and listen to what I am now going to say to you; maybe you never heard it in all your life; and I do not give my own notions, for what I am about to say are the opinions of his reverence the preacher, who preached in this town last Lent, and who said, if I remember rightly, that all things present that our eyes behold, bring themselves before us, and remain and fix themselves on our memory much better and more forcibly than things past.”

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These observations which Sancho makes here are the other ones on account of which the translator says he regards this chapter as apocryphal, inasmuch as they are beyond Sancho’s capacity.

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Whence it arises,” he continued, “that when we see any person well dressed and making a figure with rich garments and retinue of servants, it seems to lead and impel us perforce to respect him, though memory may at the same moment recall to us some lowly condition in which we have seen him, but which, whether it may have been poverty or low birth, being now a thing of the past, has no existence; while the only thing that has any existence is what we see before us; and if this person whom fortune has raised from his original lowly state (these were the very words the padre used) to his present height of prosperity, be well bred, generous, courteous to all, without seeking to vie with those whose nobility is of ancient date, depend upon it, Teresa, no one will remember what he was, and everyone will respect what he is, except indeed the envious, from whom no fair fortune is safe.”

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“I do not understand you, husband,” replied Teresa; “do as you like, and don’t break my head with any more speechifying and rethoric; and if you have revolved to do what you say — ”

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“Resolved, you should say, woman,” said Sancho, “not revolved.”

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“Don’t set yourself to wrangle with me, husband,” said Teresa; “I speak as God pleases, and don’t deal in out-of-the-way phrases; and I say if you are bent upon having a government, take your son Sancho with you, and teach him from this time on how to hold a government; for sons ought to inherit and learn the trades of their fathers.”

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“As soon as I have the government,” said Sancho, “I will send for him by post, and I will send thee money, of which I shall have no lack, for there is never any want of people to lend it to governors when they have not got it; and do thou dress him so as to hide what he is and make him look what he is to be.”

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“You send the money,” said Teresa, “and I’ll dress him up for you as fine as you please.”

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“Then we are agreed that our daughter is to be a countess,” said Sancho.

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“The day that I see her a countess,” replied Teresa, “it will be the same to me as if I was burying her; but once more I say do as you please, for we women are born to this burden of being obedient to our husbands, though they be dogs;” and with this she began to weep in earnest, as if she already saw Sanchica dead and buried.

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Sancho consoled her by saying that though he must make her a countess, he would put it off as long as possible. Here their conversation came to an end, and Sancho went back to see Don Quixote, and make arrangements for their departure.

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