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Galileo reborn

属类：学习英语-新概念英语第四册添加到会员文库收藏夹

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(1). In his own lifetime Galileo was the center of violent controversy

伽利略在世时一直是一位引激烈争论的中心人物。

(2). One thinks one knows him very well.

有的人认为人们对它十分了解。

(3). But the scientific dust has long since settled, and today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition in something like its proper perspective.

但是,这一科学界的争议早已平息。今天,我们已可以颇为正确地来看待他与宗教法庭间的那场有名的冲突。

(4). But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.

但是相反,正是在现代,伽利略成为科学史家的一个难以对付的人物。

(5). The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.

令人高兴的是,过去对伽利略的看法并不复杂。

(6). He was, above all, a man who experimented: who despised the prejudices and book learning of the Aristotelians, who put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly

首先,他是一位从事实验工作的人,他鄙视亚里士多德学派的偏见和书本知识,他向大自然寻求问题的答案而不是从古人那里找答案,他勇于作出结论。

(7). He had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky, and he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together.

他是第一个用望远镜观察天空的人,由此获得的大量证据足以推翻亚里士多德和Ptolemy两人的论据。

(8). He was the man who climbed the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped various weights from the top, who rolled balls down inclined planes, and then generalized the results of his many experiments into the famous law of free fall.

他就是登上比萨斜塔从塔顶抛下各种重物的人,他就是使球体沿斜面滚下并将多次实验结果归纳成著名自由落体定律的人。

(9). But a closer study of the evidence, supported by a deeper sense of the period, and particularly by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution, has profoundly modified this view of Galileo.

然而,由于进一步研究了他的证据,这一研究是以对那个时代的更深入了解为基础的,尤其是以对科学革命中哲学潜流的新认识为基础,对于伽利略的上述看法产生了深刻的变化。

(10). Today, although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings, among historians of science a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged.

目前虽然已故世的伽利略仍活在许多通俗读物中,但是在科学史家中间已出现了一幅新的更为复杂的画面。

(11). At the same time our sympathy for Balileo’s opponents has grown somewhat.

与此同时,我们对伽利略反对派的同情也有所增加。

(12). His telescopic observation is justly immortal; they aroused great interest at the time, they had important theoretical consequences, and they provided a striking demonstration of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus.

他的望远镜观察结果无疑是不朽的,这些结果在当时引起了极大的兴趣,具有重要的理论意义,并且显示出仪器和设备所蕴藏的惊人潜能。

(13). But can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw, if we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one’s instrument?

但是,如果我们想象一下使用有限倍数的望远镜必须有长期的经验和非常熟悉自己所用的这一仪器的话,那么,难道还能责怪那些用望远镜观察不到伽利略所看到的东西的人们吗?

(14). Was the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo’s telescope more culpable than those who alleged that the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse’s great telescope in the eighteen-forties were scratches left by the grinder?

不愿用伽利略望远镜去观察天空的哲学家,难道比19世纪40年代的有些人更应受到谴责吗?当时,这些人断言用Rosse勋爵的大型望远镜观察到螺旋形星云只不过是研磨工留在镜片上的痕迹罢了。

(15). We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo’s spy-glass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?

如果我们回忆一下，伽利略时代如同它的几个世纪以前一样，曲面镜不是用来产生真像而是产生幻影或假象的常用器械，那么，对于那些把木星的卫星说成是用伽利略小望远镜产生出来的人们，我们或许会予以原谅的，如果一面曲面镜会歪曲大自然，那么一对曲面镜将会造成多大的歪曲呢?

道德经

论语

孙子兵法

禮記

孟子

尚書

詩經

周易

简典

[00:03.75]Lesson 32
 [00:05.51]  Galileo reborn
 [00:12.48]What has modified our traditional view of Galileo in recent times?
 [00:19.64]In his own lifetime Galileo was the centre of violent controversy
 [00:24.63]but the scientific dust has long since settled,
 [00:28.37]and today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition
 [00:32.99]in something like its proper perspective.
 [00:36.06]But,in contrast,it is only in modern times
 [00:39.75]that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.
 [00:45.80]The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.
 [00:50.75]He was,above all,a man who experimented:
 [00:54.50]who despised the prejudice and book learning of the Aristotelians,
 [00:59.85]who put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients,
 [01:04.02]and who drew his conclusions fearlessly
 [01:07.67]He had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky,
 [01:10.82]and he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together.
 [01:16.54]He was the man who climbed the Leaning Tower of Pisa
 [01:19.74]and dropped various weights from the top,
 [01:22.89]who rolled balls down inclined planes,
 [01:25.57]and then generalized the results of his many experiments
 [01:29.14]into the famous law of free fall.
 [01:33.06]But a closer study of the evidence,
 [01:35.43]supported by a deeper sense of the period,and particularly
 [01:39.32]by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution,
 [01:45.14]has profoundly modified this view of Galileo.
 [01:49.03]Today,although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings,
 [01:53.59]among historians of science a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged.
 [01:59.45]At the same time our sympathy for Galileo’s opponents has grown somewhat.
 [02:05.27]His telescopic observations are justly immortal;
 [02:09.30]they aroused great interest at the time,
 [02:11.93]they had important theoretical consequences,
 [02:15.55]and they provided a striking demonstration
 [02:18.14]of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus.
 [02:23.59]But can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw,
 [02:28.87]if we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers
 [02:33.40]calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with
 [02:38.75]Was the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo’s telescope more culpable
 [02:44.28]than those who alleged
 [02:46.42]that the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse’s great telescope in the 1840s
 [02:51.41]were scratches left by the grinder?
 [02:54.41]We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter
 [02:58.58]were produced by Galileo’s spyglass if we recall that in his day,
 [03:03.94]as for centuries before,
 [03:05.97]curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion,untruth;