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死魂灵|Dead Souls

第一部 第一章|PART I CHAPTER I

属类： 双语小说 【分类】世界名著 -[作者: 果戈里] 阅读：[24088]
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省会N市的一家旅馆的大门口，跑进了一辆讲究的、有软垫子的小小的篷车，这是独身的人们，例如退伍陆军中校、步兵二等大尉，有着百来个农奴的贵族之类——一句话，就是大家叫作中流的绅士这一类人所爱坐的车子。

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车里面坐着一位先生，不太漂亮，却也不难看；不太肥，可也不太瘦，说他老是不行的，然而他又并不怎么年轻了。

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他的到来，旅馆里并没有什么惊奇，也毫不惹起一点怎样的事故；只有站在旅馆对面的酒店门口的两个乡下人，彼此讲了几句话，但也不是说坐客，倒是大抵关于马车的。

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“你瞧这轮子，”这一个对那一个说，“你看怎样，譬如到莫斯科，这还拉得到吗？”“成的，”那一个说。

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"到凯山可是保不定了，我想。”——“到凯山怕难,"那一个回答道。谈话这就完结了。

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当马车停在旅馆前面的时候，还遇见一个青年。他穿着又短又小的白布裤，时式的燕尾服，下面露出些坎肩，是用土拉出产的别针连起来的，针头上装饰着青铜的手枪样。

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这青年在伸手按住他快要被风吹去的小帽时，也向马车看了一眼，于是走掉了。

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马车一进了中园，就有侍者，或者是俄国客店惯叫作伙计的，来迎接这绅士。那是一个活泼的、勤快的家伙，勤快到看不清他究竟是怎样一副嘴脸。他一只手拿着抹布，跳了出来，是高大的少年，身穿一件很长的礼服，衣领耸得高高的，几乎埋没了脖颈，将头发一摇，就带领着这绅士，走过那全是木造的廊下，到楼上看上帝所赐的房子去了。

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房子是极其普通的一类，因为旅馆先就是极其普通的一类，像外省的市镇上所有的旅馆一样，旅客每天付给两卢布，就能开一间幽静的房间：各处的角落上，都有像梅干似的蟑螂在窥探，通到邻室的门，是用一口衣橱挡起来的，那边住着邻居，是一个静悄悄、少说话，然而出格的爱管闲事的人，关于旅客及其个人的所有每一件事，他都有兴趣。

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这旅馆的正面的外观，就说明着内部：那是细长的楼房，楼下并不刷白，还露着暗红的砖头，这原先就是不太干净的了，经了厉害的风雨，更加黑沉沉了。楼上也像别处一样，刷着黄色。下面是出售马套、绳子和环饼的小店。那最末尾的店，要确切，还不如说是窗上的店，是坐着一个卖斯比丁①的人，带着一个红铜的大茶壶

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这旅客还在观察自己的房子的时候，他的行李搬进来了。首先是有些磨损了的白皮的箱子，一见就知道他并不是第一次走路。这箱子，是马夫谢利凡和随从彼得鲁什卡抬进来的。谢利凡生得矮小，身穿短短的皮外套；彼德鲁什卡是三十来岁的人，穿一件分明是主人穿旧了的宽大的常礼服，有着正经而且容易生气的相貌，以及又大又厚的嘴唇和一样的鼻子。

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箱子之后，搬来的是桦木块子嵌花的桃花心木的小提箱，一对靴楦和蓝纸包着的烤鸡。事情一完，马夫谢利凡到马房里照料马匹去了，家丁彼得鲁什卡就去整顿狭小的下房，那是一个昏暗的狗窠，但他却已经拿进他的外套去，也就一同带去了他独有的特别的气味。这气味，还分给着他立刻拖了进去的袋子，那里面是装着侍者修饰用的一切家伙的。

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他在这房子里靠墙支起一张狭小的三条腿的床来，放上一件好像棉被似的东西，蛋饼似的薄，恐怕也蛋饼似的油；这东西，是他问旅馆主人要了过来的。

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侍者刚刚安顿好，那主人却跑到旅馆的大厅里去了。大厅的大概情形，只要出过门的人是谁都知道的：

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总是油上颜色的墙壁，上面被烟熏得乌黑，下面是给旅客们的背脊磨成的伤疤，尤其是给本地的商人们，因为每逢市集的日子，他们总是六七个人一伙，到这里来固定喝几杯茶；照例是烟熏的天花板，照例是挂着许多玻璃珠的乌黑的烛台，侍者活泼地转着盘子，上面像海边的鸟儿一样，放着许多茶杯，跑过那走破了的地板上蜡布的时候，它也就发跳，发响；照例是挂满了一壁的油画；

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一句话，就是无论什么，到处都一样，不同的至多也不过图画里有一幅乳房很大的水妖，读者一定是还没有见过的。和这相像的自然的玩笑，在不知道从什么时候，从什么人，从什么地方弄到我们俄国来的许多历史画上，也可以看见；其中自然也有我们的阔人和美术爱好者听了引导者的劝诱，从意大利买了回来的东西。

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这位绅士脱了帽，除下红色的围巾，这大抵是我们的太太们亲手编给她丈夫，还恳切地教给他怎样用法的——现在谁给一个鳏夫来做这事呢？我实在断不定，只有上帝知道罢了，我就从来没有用过这样的围巾。

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总而言之，那绅士一除下他的围巾，他就叫午膳。当搬出一切旅馆的照例的食品：放着替旅客留了七八天的白菜汤，还有脑子烩豌豆，青菜香肠，烤鸡，腌黄瓜，以及常备的甜的花卷儿；

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无论热的或冷的，来一样，就吃一样的时候，他还要使侍者或是伙计来讲种种的废话：这旅馆先前是谁的，现在的东家是谁了，能赚多少钱，东家可是一个大流氓之类，侍者就照例地回答道：“啊呀！那是大流氓啊，老爷！”

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恰如文明了的欧洲一样，文明的俄国也很有一大批可敬的人们，在旅馆里倘不和侍者说废话，或者拿他开玩笑，是要食不下咽的了。但这客人也并非全是无聊的质问：他又详细地打听了这镇上的执政官、审判厅长和检察长

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——一句话：凡是大官，他一个也没漏；打听得更详细的是这一带的所有出名地主：他们每人有多少农奴，住处离这市有多远，性情怎样，是不是常到市里来；

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他也细问了这地方的情形，省界内可有什么疾病或者时疫：如猩红热、水疱之类，他都问得很细心而且仔细，也不像单是因为爱管闲事。这位绅士的态度，是有一点定规和法则的；连擤鼻涕也很响。真不知道他是怎么弄的，每一擤，他的鼻子就像吹喇叭一样。然而这看来并不要紧的威严，却得了侍者们的大尊敬，每逢响声起处，他们就把头发往后一摇，立正，略略低下头去，问道：“您还要用些什么呀？”

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吃完午膳，这绅士就喝一杯咖啡，坐在躺椅上。他把垫子塞在背后，俄国的客店里，垫子是不装绵软的羊毛，却用那很像碎砖或是沙砾的莫名其妙的东西的。他打呵欠了，叫侍者领到自己的房里，躺在床上，迷糊了两个钟头。

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休息之后，他应了侍者的请求，在纸片上写出身份、名姓来，给他可以去呈报当局，就是警察。那侍者一面走下扶梯去，一面就一个一个地读着纸上的文字：“六等官帕维尔?伊万诺维奇?乞乞科夫，地主，私事旅行。”当侍者还没有读完单子的时候，帕维尔?伊万诺维奇?乞乞科夫却已经走出旅馆，到市上去逛去了，这分明给了他一个满足的印象；因为他发现了这省会也可以用别的一切省会来做比较的：

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最耀人眼的是涂在石造房子上的黄色和木造房子上的灰色。房子有一层楼的，有两层楼的，也有一层半楼的，据本地的木匠们说，这里的建筑，都美观得出奇。房子的布置，或者设在旷野似的大路里，无边无际的树篱中；

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或者彼此挤得一团糟，却也更可以分明地觉得人生和活动。到处看见些几乎完全给雨洗清了的招牌，画着花卷，或是一双长筒靴，或者几条蓝裤子，下面写道：阿小裁缝店。

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也有一块画着无边帽和无遮帽，写道“洋商瓦西里?菲陀罗夫”的招牌。有的招牌上，是画着一个弹子台和两个打弹子的人，都穿着燕尾服，那衣样，就像我们的戏院里一收场，就要踱上台去的看客们所穿的似的。这打弹子人画得捏定弹子棒，正要冲，臂膊微微向后，斜开了一条腿，也好像他要跳起来。画下面却写道:“弹子房在此!“

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也有在街路中央摆起桌子来，卖着胡桃，肥皂，和看去恰如肥皂一样的蜜糕的。再远一点有饭店，挂出来的招牌上是一条很大的鱼，身上插一把叉。遇见得最多的是双头鹰的乌黑的国徽，但现在却已经只看见简单明了的"酒店"这两个字了。

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石路到处都有些不大好。这绅士还去看一趟市立的公园，这是由几株瘦树儿形成的，因为看来好像要长不大，根上还支着三脚架，架子油得碧绿。这些树儿，虽然不过芦苇那么高，然而日报的"火树银花"上却写道:

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“幸蒙当局之德泽，本市遂有公园，遍栽嘉树，郁苍茂密，虽当炎夏，亦复清凉。"再下去是:"观民心之因洋溢之感谢而战栗，泪泉之因市长之热心而奔迸，即足见其感人之深矣"云。

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绅士找了警察，问过到教会，到衙门，到知事家里的最近便的路，便顺着贯穿市心的河道，走了下去。

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——途中还揭了一张贴在柱上的戏院的广告，这是预备回了家慢慢的看的。

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接着是细看那走在木铺的人行道上的很漂亮的女人，她后面还跟着一个身穿军装，挟个小包的孩子。

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接着是睁大了眼睛，向四下里看了一遍，以深通这里的地势，于是就跑回家，后面跟着侍者，轻轻的扶定他，走上梯子，进了自己的房里了。接着是喝茶，于是向桌子坐下，叫点蜡烛来，从衣袋里摸出广告来看，这时就总是着他的右眼睛。

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广告却没有什么可看的。做的是珂者蒲[4]的诗剧，波普略文先生扮罗拉，沙勃罗瓦小姐扮珂罗。别的都是些并不出名的角色。然而他还是看完了所有的姓名，一直到池座的价目，并且知道了这广告是市立印刷局里印出来的;

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接着他又把广告翻过来，看背后可还有些什么字。然而什么也没有，他擦擦眼睛，很小心的把广告叠起，收在提箱里，无论什么，只要一到手，他是一向总要收在这里面的。据我看来，白天是要以一盘冷牛肉，一杯柠檬汽水和一场沉睡收梢了，恰如我们这俄罗斯祖国的有些地方所常说的那样,鼾声如雷。

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第二天都花在访问里。这旅客遍访了市里的大官。他先到执政官那里致敬，这执政官不肥也不瘦，恰如乞乞科夫一样，制服上挂着圣安娜勋章，据人说，不远就要得到明星勋章了；不过他是一位温和的老绅士，有时还会自己在绢上绣花。

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其次，他访检察长，访审判厅长，访警察局长，访专卖局长，访市立工厂监督……可惜的是这世界上的阔佬，总归数不完，只好断定这旅客对于拜访之举，做得很起劲就算：他连卫生监督和市政建筑技师那里，也都去表了敬意。后来他还很久地坐在篷车里，计算着该去访问的人.

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但是他没有访过的官员，在这市里竟一个也想不出来了。和阔人谈话的时候，他对谁都是恭维。看见执政官，就微微地露一点口风，说是到贵省来，简直如登天堂，道路很出色，正像铺着天鹅绒一样；又接着说，放出去做官的都是贤明之士，所以当局是值得最高的赞颂和最大的鉴识的。

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对警察局长，他很称赞了一通这市里的警察，对副知事和审判厅长呢，两个人虽然还不过五等官，他却在谈话中故意错叫了两回“大人”

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关于自己，这旅客避免多谈。即使谈起来，也大抵不着边际。他显着惊人的谦虚，这之际，他的口气就滑得像背书一样，例如：他在这世界上，不过是无足重轻的一条虫，并没有令人注意的价值。

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在他一生中，已经经历过许多事，也曾为真理受苦，还有着不少要他性命的敌人。现在他终于想要休息了，在寻一块小地方，给他能够安静地过活。因此他以为一到这市里，首先去拜谒当局诸公，并且向他们表明他最高的敬意，乃是自己的第一义务，等等。

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市民对于这忙着要赴执政官的晚宴的生客所能知道的，就只有这一点。那赴宴的准备，却足足费了两个钟头，这位客人白天里的专心致志的化装，真是很不容易遇见的。午后睡了一下，他就叫拿脸盆来，将肥皂抹在两颊上，用舌头从里面顶着，刮了很久很久的时光。然后拿过侍者肩上的手巾，来擦他的圆脸，无处不到，先从耳朵后面开头，还靠近着侍者的脸孔，咕咕地哼了两回鼻子。然后走到镜面前，套好前胸衣，剪掉两根露出的鼻毛，就穿上了绛红色的红红的闪闪的燕尾服。

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他这样地化过装，即走上自己的篷车，在只从几家窗户里漏出来的微光照着很阔的街道上驰过去。执政官府里，却正如要开夜会一样，里面很辉煌，门口停有点着明灯的车子，还站着两个宪兵。远处有马夫们的喊声；总而言之，应有尽有。

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当乞乞科夫跨进大厅的时候，他不得不把眼睛眯了一下子，因为那烛灯，以及太太们的服饰的光亮，实在强得很。无论什么都好像浇上了光明。乌黑的燕尾服，或者一个，或者一群，在大厅里蠢动，恰如大热的七月里，聚在白糖块上的苍蝇，管家婆在开着的窗口敲冰糖，飞散着又白又亮的碎片：所有的孩子们都围住她，惊奇地尽看那拿着槌子的善于做事的手的运动。

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苍蝇的大队驾了轻风，雄赳赳地飞过来，仿佛它们就是一家之主，并且利用了女人的近视和炫她眼睛的光，就这边弄碎了可口的小片，那边撒散了整个的大块。丰年的夏天，吃的东西多到吃不下去，它们飞来了，却并不是为了吃，只不过要在糖堆上露脸，用前脚或后脚彼此摩一摩，在翅子下面去擦一擦，或者张开两条前脚，在小脑袋下面搔一搔，于是雄赳赳地转一个身，飞掉了，却立刻从新编成一大队，又复飞了回来。

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乞乞科夫还不及细看情形，就被执政官拉着臂膊，去介绍给执政官夫人了。当此之际，这旅客也不至于糊涂：他对这太太说了几句不亢不卑，就是恰合于中等官阶的中年男子的应酬话。

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几对跳舞者要占地方，所有旁观的人们只好靠壁了，他就反背着两只手，向跳舞者很注意地看了几分钟。那些太太们大都穿得很好，也时髦，但也有就在这市里临时弄来应急的。

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绅士们也像别处一样，可以分成两大类：一类很瘦，始终钉着女人；有几个还和彼得堡绅士很难加以区别；他们一样是很小心地梳过胡子，须样一样是很好看，有意思，或者却不过漂亮而已，一张刮得精光的鸡蛋脸，也一样是拼命地跟着女人，法国话也说得很好，使太太们笑断肚肠筋，也正如在彼得堡一样。

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别一类是胖子，或者像乞乞科夫那样的，不太肥，然而也并不怎么瘦。他们是完全两样的，对于女人，不看，避开，只在留心着家丁，可在什么地方摆出一顶打牌的绿罩桌子来没有。他们的脸都滚圆，胖大，其中也有留着大胡子的；他们的发样既不顺直，也不卷缩，又不是法国人的a la Diable m’emporte[6]式，头发是剪短的，或者梳得很平，他们的脸相因此就越加显得滚圆，威武。

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这都是本市的可敬的大官。唉唉!在这世界上，胖子实在比瘦子会办事。瘦子们的做官大抵只靠着特别的嘱咐，或者不过充充数，跑跑腿;他们的存在轻得很，空气似的，简直靠不住。

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但胖子们是不会站在后排的，他们总是抓住紧要的地位，如果坐下去，就坐得稳稳当当，使椅子在他们下面发响，要炸，但他们还是处之泰然。

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他们不喜欢好看的外观，燕尾服自然不及瘦子们的做得好，但他们的钱柜子是满满的，还有上帝保佑只要三年，瘦子就没有一个还未抵债的农奴了，胖子却过得很安乐，看罢——

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忽然在市边的什么地方造起一所房子来了，是太太出面的，接着又在别的市边造第二所，后来就在近市之处买一块小田地，于是是连带一切附属东西的大村庄。

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凡胖子，总是在给上帝和皇上出力，博得一切尊敬之后，就退职下野，化为体面的俄罗斯地主，弄一所好房子，平安地，幸福地，而且愉快地过活的。但他的瘦子孙却又会遵照那很好的俄罗斯的老例，飞毛腿似的把祖遗产业化得一干二净。

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我们的乞乞科夫看了这一群，就生出大概这样的意思来，是瞒也瞒不过去的，结果是他决计加入胖子类里去，这里有他并不陌生的脸孔:

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有浓黑眉毛的检事，常常着左眼，仿佛是在说:“请您到隔壁的房里来，我要和您讲句话。”——但倒是一个认真，沉静的人。

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有邮政局长，生得矮小，但会说笑话，又是哲学家;还有审判厅长，是一个通世故，惬人心的绅士——

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他们都像见了老朋友似的欢迎他，乞乞科夫却只招呼了一下，然而也没有失礼貌。在这里他又结识了一个高雅可爱的绅士，是地主，姓叫玛尼罗夫的，以及一个绅士梭巴开维支，外观有些鲁莽，立刻踏了他一脚，于是说道"对不起"。

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人们邀他去打牌，他照例很规矩的鞠一鞠躬，答应了。大家围着绿罩桌子坐下，直到夜膳时候还没有散。认真的做起事来，就话也不说了，这是什么时候全都这样的。

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连很爱说话的邮政局长，牌一到手，他的脸上也就显出一种深思的表情，用下唇裹着上唇，到散场都保持着这态度，如果打出花牌来，他的手总是在桌子上使劲的一拍，倘是皇后，就说:“滚，老虔婆!“要是一张皇帝呢，那就叫道，“滚你的丹波夫庄家汉!“

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但审判厅长却回答道:“我来拔这汉子的胡子罢!我来拔这婆娘的胡子罢!"当他们打出牌来的时候，间或也漏些这样的口风:“什么︰随便罢，有钻石呢!“或者不过说:“心!心儿!毕克宝宝，"或者是"心仔，毕婆，毕佬!“或者简直叫作"毕鬼”。这是他们一伙里称呼大家压着的牌的名目。

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打完之后，照例是大声发议论。我们的新来的客人也一同去辩论，但是他有分寸，使大家都觉得他议论是发的，却总是灵活得有趣，他从来不说:“"您来呀..…"说的是"请您出手...…"或者"对不起，我收了您的二罢"之类。倘要对手高兴，他就递过磁釉的鼻烟壶去，那底里可以看见两朵紫罗兰，为的是要增加些好香味。

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我们的旅客以为最有意思的，是先前已经说过的两位地主，玛尼罗夫和梭巴开维支。他立刻悄悄的去向审判厅长和邮政局长打听他们的事情。看起他所问的几点来，就知道这旅客并非单为了好奇，其实是别有缘故的，因为他首先打听他们有多少农奴，他们的田地是什么状态;然后也问了他们的本名和父称。

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不多工夫，他就把他们俩笼络成功了。地主玛尼罗夫年纪并不大，那眼睛却糖似的甜，笑起来细成一条线，佩服他到了不得。他握着他的手，有许多工夫，一面很热心的请他光临自己的敝村，并且说，那村，离市栅也不过十五维尔斯他[8]，乞乞科夫很恭敬的点头，紧握着手，说自己不但以赴这邀请为莫大的荣幸，实在倒是本身的神圣的义务。

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梭巴开维支却说得很简洁:“我也请您去，"于是略一弯腰，把脚也略略的一并，他穿着大到出人意外的长靴，在俄国的巨人和骑士已经死绝了的现在，要寻适合于这样长靴的一双脚，恐怕是很不容易的了。

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第二天，乞乞科夫被警察局长邀去吃中饭并且参加晚上的聚会了。饭后三点钟，大家入座打牌，一直打到夜两点。

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这回他又结识了一个地主诺兹德廖夫，是三十岁光景的爽直的绅士，只讲过几句话，就和他“你”“我”了起来。诺兹德廖夫对警察局长和检察长也这样，弄得很亲热；但到开始赌着大注输赢的时候，警察局长和检察长就都留心他吃去的牌，连他打出来的，也每张看着不放松了。

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次日晚上，乞乞科夫在审判厅长的家里，客人中间有两位是太太，主人却穿着有点脏了的便衣来招呼。

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后来他还赴副知事的夜餐，赴白兰地专卖局长的大午餐会和检察长的小小的午餐会，但场面却和大宴一样；终于还被市长邀去赴他家里的茶会去了，这会的花费，也不下于正式的午餐。

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一句话，他是几乎没有一刻工夫在家里的，回到旅馆来，不过是睡觉。这旅馆到处都相宜，显得他是很有经验很通世故的人物。

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每逢谈天，他也总是谈得很合拍的：说到养马，他也讲一点养马；说到好狗，他也贡献几句非常有益的意见；讲起地方审判厅的判决来，他就给你知道他关于审判方面也并非毫无知识；讲到打弹子他又打得并不脱空；

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一谈到道德，他也很有见识，眼泪汪汪谈道德；

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讲到制造白兰地酒呢，他也知道制造白兰地酒的妙法；

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或者讲到税关稽查和税关官吏，他也会谈，仿佛他自己就做过税关官吏和税关稽查似的。

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但在谈吐上，他总是带着一种认真的调子，到底一直对付了过去，却实在值得惊叹的。他说得不太响，也不太低，正是适得其当。

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总而言之，无论从哪一方面看，他从头到脚，是一位好绅士。所有官员，都十分高兴这新客的光临。

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执政官说他是好心人；检察长说他是精明人；宪兵队长说他有学问；审判厅长说他博学而可敬；警察局长说他可敬而可爱，而警察局长太太则说他很可爱，而且是知趣的人。

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连不太爱说人好话的索巴克维奇，当他在夜间从市里回家，脱掉衣服，上床躺到他那精瘦的太太旁边去的时候，也就说：“宝贝，今天我在执政官那里吃夜饭，警察局长那里吃中饭，认识了六等官帕维尔?伊万诺维奇?乞乞科夫：一个很好的绅士！”他的太太说了一声“嗯”，并且轻轻地蹬了他一脚。

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对于我们的客人这样的夸奖，在市里传布，而且留存了，一直到这旅客的奇特的性质，以及一种计划，或是乡下人之所谓“掉枪花”，几乎使全市的人们非常惊疑的时候。关于这，读者是不久就会明白的。

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To the door of an inn in the provincial town of N. there drew up a smart britchka—a light spring-carriage of the sort affected by bachelors, retired lieutenant-colonels, staff-captains, land-owners possessed of about a hundred souls, and, in short, all persons who rank as gentlemen of the intermediate category.

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In the britchka was seated such a gentleman—a man who, though not handsome, was not ill-favoured, not over-fat, and not over-thin. Also, though not over-elderly, he was not over-young.

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His arrival produced no stir in the town, and was accompanied by no particular incident, beyond that a couple of peasants who happened to be standing at the door of a dramshop exchanged a few comments with reference to the equipage rather than to the individual who was seated in it.

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“Look at that carriage,” one of them said to the other. “Think you it will be going as far as Moscow?” “I think it will,” replied his companion.

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“But not as far as Kazan, eh?” “No, not as far as Kazan.” With that the conversation ended.

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Presently, as the britchka was approaching the inn, it was met by a young man in a pair of very short, very tight breeches of white dimity, a quasi-fashionable frockcoat, and a dickey fastened with a pistol-shaped bronze tie-pin.

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The young man turned his head as he passed the britchka and eyed it attentively; after which he clapped his hand to his cap (which was in danger of being removed by the wind) and resumed his way.

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On the vehicle reaching the inn door, its occupant found standing there to welcome him the polevoi, or waiter, of the establishment—an individual of such nimble and brisk movement that even to distinguish the character of his face was impossible. Running out with a napkin in one hand and his lanky form clad in a tailcoat, reaching almost to the nape of his neck, he tossed back his locks, and escorted the gentleman upstairs, along a wooden gallery, and so to the bedchamber which God had prepared for the gentleman’s reception.

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The said bedchamber was of quite ordinary appearance, since the inn belonged to the species to be found in all provincial towns—the species wherein, for two roubles a day, travellers may obtain a room swarming with black-beetles, and communicating by a doorway with the apartment adjoining. True, the doorway may be blocked up with a wardrobe; yet behind it, in all probability, there will be standing a silent, motionless neighbour whose ears are burning to learn every possible detail concerning the latest arrival.

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The inn’s exterior corresponded with its interior. Long, and consisting only of two storeys, the building had its lower half destitute of stucco; with the result that the dark-red bricks, originally more or less dingy, had grown yet dingier under the influence of atmospheric changes. As for the upper half of the building, it was, of course, painted the usual tint of unfading yellow. Within, on the ground floor, there stood a number of benches heaped with horse-collars, rope, and sheepskins; while the window-seat accommodated a sbitentshik, cheek by jowl with a samovar —the latter so closely resembling the former in appearance that, but for the fact of the samovar possessing a pitch-black lip, the samovar and the sbitentshik might have been two of a pair.

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During the traveller’s inspection of his room his luggage was brought into the apartment. First came a portmanteau of white leather whose raggedness indicated that the receptacle had made several previous journeys. The bearers of the same were the gentleman’s coachman, Selifan (a little man in a large overcoat), and the gentleman’s valet, Petrushka—the latter a fellow of about thirty, clad in a worn, over-ample jacket which formerly had graced his master’s shoulders, and possessed of a nose and a pair of lips whose coarseness communicated to his face rather a sullen expression.

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Behind the portmanteau came a small dispatch-box of redwood, lined with birch bark, a boot-case, and (wrapped in blue paper) a roast fowl; all of which having been deposited, the coachman departed to look after his horses, and the valet to establish himself in the little dark anteroom or kennel where already he had stored a cloak, a bagful of livery, and his own peculiar smell.

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Pressing the narrow bedstead back against the wall, he covered it with the tiny remnant of mattress—a remnant as thin and flat (perhaps also as greasy) as a pancake— which he had managed to beg of the landlord of the establishment.

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While the attendants had been thus setting things straight the gentleman had repaired to the common parlour. The appearance of common parlours of the kind is known to every one who travels.

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Always they have varnished walls which, grown black in their upper portions with tobacco smoke, are, in their lower, grown shiny with the friction of customers’ backs—more especially with that of the backs of such local tradesmen as, on market-days, make it their regular practice to resort to the local hostelry for a glass of tea. Also, parlours of this kind invariably contain smutty ceilings, an equally smutty chandelier, a number of pendent shades which jump and rattle whenever the waiter scurries across the shabby oilcloth with a trayful of glasses (the glasses looking like a flock of birds roosting by the seashore), and a selection of oil paintings.

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In short, there are certain objects which one sees in every inn. In the present case the only outstanding feature of the room was the fact that in one of the paintings a nymph was portrayed as possessing breasts of a size such as the reader can never in his life have beheld. A similar caricaturing of nature is to be noted in the historical pictures (of unknown origin, period, and creation) which reach us—sometimes through the instrumentality of Russian magnates who profess to be connoisseurs of art— from Italy; owing to the said magnates having made such purchases solely on the advice of the couriers who have escorted them.

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To resume, however—our traveller removed his cap, and divested his neck of a parti-coloured woollen scarf of the kind which a wife makes for her husband with her own hands, while accompanying the gift with interminable injunctions as to how best such a garment ought to be folded. True, bachelors also wear similar gauds, but, in their case, God alone knows who may have manufactured the articles! For my part, I cannot endure them.

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Having unfolded the scarf, the gentleman ordered dinner, and whilst the various dishes were being got ready—cabbage soup, a pie several weeks old, a dish of marrow and peas, a dish of sausages and cabbage, a roast fowl, some salted cucumber, and the sweet tart which stands perpetually ready for use in such establishments;

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whilst, I say, these things were either being warmed up or brought in cold, the gentleman induced the waiter to retail certain fragments of tittle-tattle concerning the late landlord of the hostelry, the amount of income which the hostelry produced, and the character of its present proprietor. To the last-mentioned inquiry the waiter returned the answer invariably given in such cases— namely, “My master is a terribly hard man, sir.”

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Curious that in enlightened Russia so many people cannot even take a meal at an inn without chattering to the attendant and making free with him! Nevertheless not ALL the questions which the gentleman asked were aimless ones, for he inquired who was Governor of the town, who President of the Local Council, and who Public Prosecutor.

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In short, he omitted no single official of note, while asking also (though with an air of detachment) the most exact particulars concerning the landowners of the neighbourhood. Which of them, he inquired, possessed serfs, and how many of them? How far from the town did those landowners reside? What was the character of each landowner, and was he in the habit of paying frequent visits to the town?

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The gentleman also made searching inquiries concerning the hygienic condition of the countryside. Was there, he asked, much sickness about—whether sporadic fever, fatal forms of ague, smallpox, or what not? Yet, though his solicitude concerning these matters showed more than ordinary curiosity, his bearing retained its gravity unimpaired, and from time to time he blew his nose with portentous fervour. Indeed, the manner in which he accomplished this latter feat was marvellous in the extreme, for, though that member emitted sounds equal to those of a trumpet in intensity, he could yet, with his accompanying air of guileless dignity, evoke the waiter’s undivided respect—so much so that, whenever the sounds of the nose reached that menial’s ears, he would shake back his locks, straighten himself into a posture of marked solicitude, and inquire afresh, with head slightly inclined, whether the gentleman happened to require anything further.

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After dinner the guest consumed a cup of coffee, and then, seating himself upon the sofa, with, behind him, one of those wool-covered cushions which, in Russian taverns, resemble nothing so much as a cobblestone or a brick, fell to snoring; whereafter, returning with a start to consciousness, he ordered himself to be conducted to his room, flung himself at full length upon the bed, and once more slept soundly for a couple of hours.

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Aroused, eventually, by the waiter, he, at the latter’s request, inscribed a fragment of paper with his name, his surname, and his rank (for communication, in accordance with the law, to the police): and on that paper the waiter, leaning forward from the corridor, read, syllable by syllable: “Paul Ivanovitch Chichikov, Collegiate Councillor—Landowner—Travelling on Private Affairs.” The waiter had just time to accomplish this feat before Paul Ivanovitch Chichikov set forth to inspect the town. Apparently the place succeeded in satisfying him, and, to tell the truth, it was at least up to the usual standard of our provincial capitals.

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Where the staring yellow of stone edifices did not greet his eye he found himself confronted with the more modest grey of wooden ones; which, consisting, for the most part, of one or two storeys (added to the range of attics which provincial architects love so well), looked almost lost amid the expanses of street and intervening medleys of broken or half-finished partition-walls.

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At other points evidence of more life and movement was to be seen, and here the houses stood crowded together and displayed dilapidated, rain-blurred signboards whereon boots of cakes or pairs of blue breeches inscribed “Arshavski, Tailor,” and so forth, were depicted.

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Over a shop containing hats and caps was written “Vassili Thedorov, Foreigner”; while, at another spot, a signboard portrayed a billiard table and two players—the latter clad in frockcoats of the kind usually affected by actors whose part it is to enter the stage during the closing act of a piece, even though, with arms sharply crooked and legs slightly bent, the said billiard players were taking the most careful aim, but succeeding only in making abortive strokes in the air. Each emporium of the sort had written over it: “This is the best establishment of its kind in the town.”

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Also, al fresco in the streets there stood tables heaped with nuts, soap, and gingerbread (the latter but little distinguishable from the soap), and at an eating-house there was displayed the sign of a plump fish transfixed with a gaff. But the sign most frequently to be discerned was the insignia of the State, the double-headed eagle (now replaced, in this connection, with the laconic inscription “Dramshop”).

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As for the paving of the town, it was uniformly bad. The gentleman peered also into the municipal gardens, which contained only a few sorry trees that were poorly selected, requiring to be propped with oil-painted, triangular green supports, and able to boast of a height no greater than that of an ordinary walking-stick. Yet recently the local paper had said (apropos of a gala) that,

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“Thanks to the efforts of our Civil Governor, the town has become enriched with a pleasaunce full of umbrageous, spaciously-branching trees. Even on the most sultry day they afford agreeable shade, and indeed gratifying was it to see the hearts of our citizens panting with an impulse of gratitude as their eyes shed tears in recognition of all that their Governor has done for them!”

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Next, after inquiring of a gendarme as to the best ways and means of finding the local council, the local law-courts, and the local Governor, should he (Chichikov) have need of them, the gentleman went on to inspect the river which ran through the town.

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En route he tore off a notice affixed to a post, in order that he might the more conveniently read it after his return to the inn.

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Also, he bestowed upon a lady of pleasant exterior who, escorted by a footman laden with a bundle, happened to be passing along a wooden sidewalk a prolonged stare.

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Lastly, he threw around him a comprehensive glance (as though to fix in his mind the general topography of the place) and betook himself home. There, gently aided by the waiter, he ascended the stairs to his bedroom, drank a glass of tea, and, seating himself at the table, called for a candle; which having been brought him, he produced from his pocket the notice, held it close to the flame, and conned its tenour— slightly contracting his right eye as he did so.

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Yet there was little in the notice to call for remark. All that it said was that shortly one of Kotzebue’s plays would be given, and that one of the parts in the play was to be taken by a certain Monsieur Poplevin, and another by a certain Mademoiselle Ziablova, while the remaining parts were to be filled by a number of less important personages. Nevertheless the gentleman perused the notice with careful attention, and even jotted down the prices to be asked for seats for the performance. Also, he remarked that the bill had been printed in the press of the Provincial Government.

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Next, he turned over the paper, in order to see if anything further was to be read on the reverse side; but, finding nothing there, he refolded the document, placed it in the box which served him as a receptacle for odds and ends, and brought the day to a close with a portion of cold veal, a bottle of pickles, and a sound sleep.

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The following day he devoted to paying calls upon the various municipal officials—a first, and a very respectful, visit being paid to the Governor. This personage turned out to resemble Chichikov himself in that he was neither fat nor thin. Also, he wore the riband of the order of Saint Anna about his neck, and was reported to have been recommended also for the star. For the rest, he was large and good-natured, and had a habit of amusing himself with occasional spells of knitting.

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Next, Chichikov repaired to the ViceGovernor’s, and thence to the house of the Public Prosecutor, to that of the President of the Local Council, to that of the Chief of Police, to that of the Commissioner of Taxes, and to that of the local Director of State Factories. True, the task of remembering every big-wig in this world of ours is not a very easy one; but at least our visitor displayed the greatest activity in his work of paying calls, seeing that he went so far as to pay his respects also to the Inspector of the Municipal Department of Medicine and to the City Architect. Thereafter he sat thoughtfully in his britchka—plunged in meditation on the subject of whom else it might be well to visit.

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However, not a single magnate had been neglected, and in conversation with his hosts he had contrived to flatter each separate one. For instance to the Governor he had hinted that a stranger, on arriving in his, the Governor’s province, would conceive that he had reached Paradise, so velvety were the roads. “Governors who appoint capable subordinates,” had said Chichikov, “are deserving of the most ample meed of praise.”

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Again, to the Chief of Police our hero had passed a most gratifying remark on the subject of the local gendarmery; while in his conversation with the Vice-Governor and the President of the Local Council (neither of whom had, as yet, risen above the rank of State Councillor) he had twice been guilty of the gaucherie of addressing his interlocutors with the title of “Your Excellency”—a blunder which had not failed to delight them.

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Of himself, however, the traveller had spoken little; or, if he had spoken at any length, he had done so in a general sort of way and with marked modesty. Indeed, at moments of the kind his discourse had assumed something of a literary vein, in that invariably he had stated that, being a worm of no account in the world, he was deserving of no consideration at the hands of his fellows;

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that in his time he had undergone many strange experiences; that subsequently he had suffered much in the cause of Truth; that he had many enemies seeking his life; and that, being desirous of rest, he was now engaged in searching for a spot wherein to dwell—wherefore, having stumbled upon the town in which he now found himself, he had considered it his bounden duty to evince his respect for the chief authorities of the place.

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This, and no more, was all that, for the moment, the town succeeded in learning about the new arrival. Naturally he lost no time in presenting himself at the Governor’s evening party. First, however, his preparations for that function occupied a space of over two hours, and necessitated an attention to his toilet of a kind not commonly seen. That is to say, after a brief post-grandial nap he called for soap and water, and spent a considerable period in the task of scrubbing his cheeks (which, for the purpose, he supported from within with his tongue) and then of drying his full, round face, from the ears downwards, with a towel which he took from the waiter’s shoulder. Twice he snorted into the waiter’s countenance as he did this, and then he posted himself in front of the mirror, donned a false shirt-front, plucked out a couple of hairs which were protruding from his nose, and appeared vested in a frockcoat of bilberry-coloured check.

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Thereafter driving through broad streets sparsely lighted with lanterns, he arrived at the Governor’s residence to find it illuminated as for a ball. Barouches with gleaming lamps, a couple of gendarmes posted before the doors, a babel of postillions’ cries—nothing of a kind likely to be impressive was wanting;

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and, on reaching the salon, the visitor actually found himself obliged to close his eyes for a moment, so strong was the mingled sheen of lamps, candles, and feminine apparel. Everything seemed suffused with light, and everywhere, flitting and flashing, were to be seen black coats—even as on a hot summer’s day flies revolve around a sugar loaf while the old housekeeper is cutting it into cubes before the open window, and the children of the house crowd around her to watch the movements of her rugged hands as those members ply the smoking pestle;

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and airy squadrons of flies, borne on the breeze, enter boldly, as though free of the house, and, taking advantage of the fact that the glare of the sunshine is troubling the old lady’s sight, disperse themselves over broken and unbroken fragments alike, even though the lethargy induced by the opulence of summer and the rich shower of dainties to be encountered at every step has induced them to enter less for the purpose of eating than for that of showing themselves in public, of parading up and down the sugar loaf, of rubbing both their hindquarters and their fore against one another, of cleaning their bodies under the wings, of extending their forelegs over their heads and grooming themselves, and of flying out of the window again to return with other predatory squadrons.

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Indeed, so dazed was Chichikov that scarcely did he realise that the Governor was taking him by the arm and presenting him to his (the Governor’s) lady. Yet the newly-arrived guest kept his head sufficiently to contrive to murmur some such compliment as might fittingly come from a middle-aged individual of a rank neither excessively high nor excessively low.

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Next, when couples had been formed for dancing and the remainder of the company found itself pressed back against the walls, Chichikov folded his arms, and carefully scrutinised the dancers. Some of the ladies were dressed well and in the fashion, while the remainder were clad in such garments as God usually bestows upon a provincial town.

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Also here, as elsewhere, the men belonged to two separate and distinct categories; one of which comprised slender individuals who, flitting around the ladies, were scarcely to be distinguished from denizens of the metropolis, so carefully, so artistically, groomed were their whiskers, so presentable their oval, clean-shaven faces, so easy the manner of their dancing attendance upon their womenfolk, so glib their French conversation as they quizzed their female companions.

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As for the other category, it comprised individuals who, stout, or of the same build as Chichikov (that is to say, neither very portly nor very lean), backed and sidled away from the ladies, and kept peering hither and thither to see whether the Governor’s footmen had set out green tables for whist. Their features were full and plump, some of them had beards, and in no case was their hair curled or waved or arranged in what the French call “the devil-may-care” style. On the contrary, their heads were either close-cropped or brushed very smooth, and their faces were round and firm.

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This category represented the more respectable officials of the town. In passing, I may say that in business matters fat men always prove superior to their leaner brethren; which is probably the reason why the latter are mostly to be found in the Political Police, or acting as mere ciphers whose existence is a purely hopeless, airy, trivial one.

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Again, stout individuals never take a back seat, but always a front one, and, wheresoever it be, they sit firmly, and with confidence, and decline to budge even though the seat crack and bend with their weight.

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For comeliness of exterior they care not a rap, and therefore a dress coat sits less easily on their figures than is the case with figures of leaner individuals. Yet invariably fat men amass the greater wealth. In three years’ time a thin man will not have a single serf whom he has left unpledged; whereas—well, pray look at a fat man’s fortunes, and what will you see?

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First of all a suburban villa, and then a larger suburban villa, and then a villa close to a town, and lastly a country estate which comprises every amenity!

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That is to say, having served both God and the State, the stout individual has won universal respect, and will end by retiring from business, reordering his mode of life, and becoming a Russian landowner—in other words, a fine gentleman who dispenses hospitality, lives in comfort and luxury, and is destined to leave his property to heirs who are purposing to squander the same on foreign travel.

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That the foregoing represents pretty much the gist of Chichikov’s reflections as he stood watching the company I will not attempt to deny. And of those reflections the upshot was that he decided to join himself to the stouter section of the guests, among whom he had already recognised several familiar faces—

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namely, those of the Public Prosecutor (a man with beetling brows over eyes which seemed to be saying with a wink, “Come into the next room, my friend, for I have something to say to you”—though, in the main, their owner was a man of grave and taciturn habit),

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of the Postmaster (an insignificant-looking individual, yet a would-be wit and a philosopher), and of the President of the Local Council (a man of much amiability and good sense).

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These three personages greeted Chichikov as an old acquaintance, and to their salutations he responded with a sidelong, yet a sufficiently civil, bow.

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Also, he became acquainted with an extremely unctuous and approachable landowner named Manilov, and with a landowner of more uncouth exterior named Sobakevitch—the latter of whom began the acquaintance by treading heavily upon Chichikov’s toes, and then begging his pardon.

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Next, Chichikov received an offer of a “cut in” at whist, and accepted the same with his usual courteous inclination of the head. Seating themselves at a green table, the party did not rise therefrom till supper time; and during that period all conversation between the players became hushed, as is the custom when men have given themselves up to a really serious pursuit.

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Even the Postmaster—a talkative man by nature—had no sooner taken the cards into his hands than he assumed an expression of profound thought, pursed his lips, and retained this attitude unchanged throughout the game. Only when playing a court card was it his custom to strike the table with his fist, and to exclaim (if the card happened to be a queen), “Now, old popadia!” and (if the card happened to be a king), “Now, peasant of Tambov!”

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To which ejaculations invariably the President of the Local Council retorted, “Ah, I have him by the ears, I have him by the ears!” And from the neighbourhood of the table other strong ejaculations relative to the play would arise, interposed with one or another of those nicknames which participants in a game are apt to apply to members of the various suits.

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I need hardly add that, the game over, the players fell to quarrelling, and that in the dispute our friend joined, though so artfully as to let every one see that, in spite of the fact that he was wrangling, he was doing so only in the most amicable fashion possible. Never did he say outright, “You played the wrong card at such and such a point.” No, he always employed some such phrase as, “You permitted yourself to make a slip, and thus afforded me the honour of covering your deuce.” Indeed, the better to keep in accord with his antagonists, he kept offering them his silver-enamelled snuffbox (at the bottom of which lay a couple of violets, placed there for the sake of their scent).

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In particular did the newcomer pay attention to landowners Manilov and Sobakevitch; so much so that his haste to arrive on good terms with them led to his leaving the President and the Postmaster rather in the shade. At the same time, certain questions which he put to those two landowners evinced not only curiosity, but also a certain amount of sound intelligence; for he began by asking how many peasant souls each of them possessed, and how their affairs happened at present to be situated, and then proceeded to enlighten himself also as their standing and their families.

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Indeed, it was not long before he had succeeded in fairly enchanting his new friends. In particular did Manilov—a man still in his prime, and possessed of a pair of eyes which, sweet as sugar, blinked whenever he laughed—find himself unable to make enough of his enchanter. Clasping Chichikov long and fervently by the hand, he besought him to do him, Manilov, the honour of visiting his country house (which he declared to lie at a distance of not more than fifteen versts from the boundaries of the town); and in return Chichikov averred (with an exceedingly affable bow and a most sincere handshake) that he was prepared not only to fulfil his friend’s behest, but also to look upon the fulfilling of it as a sacred duty.

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In the same way Sobakevitch said to him laconically: “And do you pay ME a visit,” and then proceeded to shuffle a pair of boots of such dimensions that to find a pair to correspond with them would have been indeed difficult—more especially at the present day, when the race of epic heroes is beginning to die out in Russia.

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Next day Chichikov dined and spent the evening at the house of the Chief of Police—a residence where, three hours after dinner, every one sat down to whist, and remained so seated until two o’clock in the morning.

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On this occasion Chichikov made the acquaintance of, among others, a landowner named Nozdrev—a dissipated little fellow of thirty who had no sooner exchanged three or four words with his new acquaintance than he began to address him in the second person singular. Yet although he did the same to the Chief of Police and the Public Prosecutor, the company had no sooner seated themselves at the card-table than both the one and the other of these functionaries started to keep a careful eye upon Nozdrev’s tricks, and to watch practically every card which he played.

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The following evening Chichikov spent with the President of the Local Council, who received his guests—even though the latter included two ladies—in a greasy dressing-gown.

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Upon that followed an evening at the Vice-Governor’s, a large dinner party at the house of the Commissioner of Taxes, a smaller dinner-party at the house of the Public Prosecutor (a very wealthy man), and a subsequent reception given by the Mayor.

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In short, not an hour of the day did Chichikov find himself forced to spend at home, and his return to the inn became necessary only for the purposes of sleeping. Somehow or other he had landed on his feet, and everywhere he figured as an experienced man of the world.

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No matter what the conversation chanced to be about, he always contrived to maintain his part in the same. Did the discourse turn upon horse-breeding, upon horse-breeding he happened to be peculiarly well-qualified to speak. Did the company fall to discussing well-bred dogs, at once he had remarks of the most pertinent kind possible to offer. Did the company touch upon a prosecution which had recently been carried out by the Excise Department, instantly he showed that he too was not wholly unacquainted with legal affairs. Did an opinion chance to be expressed concerning billiards, on that subject too he was at least able to avoid committing a blunder.

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Did a reference occur to virtue, concerning virtue he hastened to deliver himself in a way which brought tears to every eye.

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Did the subject in hand happen to be the distilling of brandy—well, that was a matter concerning which he had the soundest of knowledge.

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Did any one happen to mention Customs officials and inspectors, from that moment he expatiated as though he too had been both a minor functionary and a major.

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Yet a remarkable fact was the circumstance that he always contrived to temper his omniscience with a certain readiness to give way, a certain ability so to keep a rein upon himself that never did his utterances become too loud or too soft, or transcend what was perfectly befitting.

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In a word, he was always a gentleman of excellent manners, and every official in the place felt pleased when he saw him enter the door.

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Thus the Governor gave it as his opinion that Chichikov was a man of excellent intentions; the Public Prosecutor, that he was a good man of business; the Chief of Gendarmery, that he was a man of education; the President of the Local Council, that he was a man of breeding and refinement; and the wife of the Chief of Gendarmery, that his politeness of behaviour was equalled only by his affability of bearing.

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Nay, even Sobakevitch—who as a rule never spoke well of ANY ONE—said to his lanky wife when, on returning late from the town, he undressed and betook himself to bed by her side: “My dear, this evening, after dining with the Chief of Police, I went on to the Governor’s, and met there, among others, a certain Paul Ivanovitch Chichikov, who is a Collegiate Councillor and a very pleasant fellow.” To this his spouse replied “Hm!” and then dealt him a hearty kick in the ribs.

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Such were the flattering opinions earned by the newcomer to the town; and these opinions he retained until the time when a certain speciality of his, a certain scheme of his (the reader will learn presently what it was), plunged the majority of the townsfolk into a sea of perplexity.

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provincial

[prə’vɪnʃl]

adj.省的;地方的;偏狭的

ill-favoured

[’ɪlfeɪv’əd]

adj.丑陋的; 难看的; 其貌不扬的

equipage

[’ekwɪpɪdʒ]

n. 马车; 装备; 设备; 用具

carriage

[’kærɪdʒ]

n.四轮马车

conversation

[ˌkɒnvə’seɪʃn]

n.谈话;会话

dickey

[’dɪkɪ]

adj.易碎的

attentive

[ə’tentɪv]

adj.注意的;留意的

clap

[klæp]

v.拍手;轻拍;鼓掌;啪地关上

brisk

[brɪsk]

adj.敏锐的;活泼的;活跃的;轻快的;凛冽的

escort

[’eskɔːt]

n.护送者;护航舰;陪伴者;陪游;妓女

swarm

[swɔːm]

n.群;蜂群

adjoin

[ə’dʒɔɪn]

v.邻接;毗连

probability

[ˌprɒbə’bɪləti]

n.可能性

motionless

[’məʊʃnləs]

adj.不动的;静止的

latest

[’leɪtɪst]

adj.最近的;最新的

exterior

[ɪk’stɪəriə(r)]

n.外部;外表;外景

storey

[’stɔːri]

n.楼层.

tint

[tɪnt]

n. 色彩; 浅色; 染发剂

grind

[ɡraɪnd]

v.磨;压迫;碾碎;磨得吱吱响;逐渐停顿

heap

[hiːp]

n.堆;许多;破车

birch

[bɜːtʃ]

n.桦树;桦木;用桦条抽打

bark

[bɑːk]

v.(狗)吠;咆哮

fowl

[faʊl]

n.禽;禽肉

coachman

[’kəʊtʃmən]

n.赶马车人

mattress

[’mætrəs]

n.床垫

greasy

[’ɡriːsi]

adj.油腻的;滑溜溜的;油滑的

landlord

[’lændlɔːd]

n.地主;房东

parlor

[’pɑːlə]

n. (机关、银行等)接待室，客厅;

varnish

[’vɑːnɪʃ]

n.油漆;掩饰;光泽面;指甲油

friction

[’frɪkʃn]

n.摩擦;摩擦力

tradesman

[’treɪdzmən]

n.零售商;工匠

invariably

[ɪn’veəriəbli]

adv.不变地;总是;一贯地

rattle

[’rætl]

vi. 发出格吱声；呱哒响;

scurry

[’skʌri]

v.小步疾走;急赶

roost

[ruːst]

n.栖木;鸟窝;栖息处

outstand

[aʊt’stænd]

vi.凸出;突出;卓然独立

behold

[bɪ’həʊld]

vt.看到;注视;领悟

caricature

[’kærɪkətʃʊə(r)]

n.讽刺画;讽刺;歪曲;笨拙的模仿

magnate

[’mæɡneɪt]

n.巨头

courier

[’kʊriə(r)]

n.送快信的;急差;旅行服务员

traveller

[ˈtrævlə]

n.旅客;旅行家

divest

[daɪ’vest]

v.剥除;脱去;剥夺;摆脱

scarf

[skɑːf]

n.围巾

garment

[’ɡɑːmənt]

n.衣服

manufacture

[ˌmænju’fæktʃə(r)]

v.(手工)制造

marrow

[’mærəʊ]

n.骨髓

cucumber

[’kjuːkʌmbə(r)]

n.黄瓜

perpetual

[pə’petʃuəl]

adj.永久的;永恒的;一再往复的

enlighten

[ɪn’laɪtn]

v.启发;开导;教导

chatter

[’tʃætə(r)]

vt. 喋喋(不休)；饶舌;

detachment

[dɪ’tætʃmənt]

n.冷漠;公正;分遣队;脱离

landowner

[’lændəʊnə(r)]

n.地主

serf

[sɜːf]

n.农奴;奴隶

reside

[rɪ’zaɪd]

vi.居住;属于;存在

hygienic

[haɪ’dʒiːnɪk]

adj.卫生的;卫生学的

countryside

[’kʌntrisaɪd]

n.乡下;农村

sporadic

[spə’rædɪk]

adj.不定时发生的;零星的

emit

[i’mɪt]

vt.发出，发射;放射;吐露

trumpet

[’trʌmpɪt]

n.喇叭;喇叭声;喇叭手

evoke

[ɪ’vəʊk]

vt.唤起;引起

posture

[’pɒstʃə(r)]

n.姿势;态度;情形

seating

[’siːtɪŋ]

n.座位;座位安排;底座,

cushion

[’kʊʃn]

n.垫子

tavern

[’tævən]

n.酒馆;客栈

snore

[snɔː(r)]

v.打鼾;打呼噜

fling

[flɪŋ]

vt. 投，抛，扔，掷;

arouse

[ə’raʊz]

v.叫醒;唤醒;激起;睡醒

inscribe

[ɪn’skraɪb]

v.题写;题赠;铭刻于;铭记(英)登记.【数】 使内接.

accordance

[ə’kɔːdns]

n.一致;符合

Councillor

[ˈkaʊns(ə)lə]

n.议员,理事,顾问

Landowner

[’lændəʊnə(r)]

n.地主

edifice

[’edɪfɪs]

n.大厦;大建筑物;大型支柱

Attic

[’ætɪk]

n.阁楼

expanse

[ɪk’spæns]

n.宽阔的区域

medley

[’medli]

n.混杂;【音】混成曲

signboard

[’saɪnbɔːd]

n.招牌;布告板

crook

[krʊk]

n.钩;曲柄杖;弯曲;骗子

transfix

[træns’fɪks]

vt.刺穿;钉住;使呆住

discern

[dɪ’sɜːn]

v.辨别;看出;察觉

eagle

[’iːɡl]

n.鹰

paving

[’peɪvɪŋ]

n.铺面;铺筑材料,

poorly

[’pɔːli]

adv.贫穷地;不充份地;贫乏地

prop

[prɒp]

n.支柱;支持者;倚靠人

gala

[’ɡɑːlə]

n.节日;祝贺;盛会

enrich

[ɪn’rɪtʃ]

vt.使富足;使肥沃;使丰富

gratify

[’ɡrætɪfaɪ]

v.使满足;使高兴

gendarme

[’ʒɒndɑːm]

n.宪兵

affix

[ə’fɪks]

v.使附于;署名;粘贴

bestow

[bɪ’stəʊ]

v.授予;给予;使用;放置

bundle

[’bʌndl]

n.捆;束

prolong

[prə’lɒŋ]

vt.延长;拖延

topography

[tə’pɒɡrəfi]

n.地志;地形学;地势;剖析图

ascend

[ə’send]

v.上升;攀登

con

[kɔn]

n.骗局;反对;反对的理由

personage

[’pɜːsənɪdʒ]

n.名流;要人;人物;角色

perusable

[pə’ruːəblzəbl]

v.攻读;精读;阅读

jot

[dʒɒt]

n.少量

bill

[bɪl]

①帐单；清单;

Provincial

[prə’vɪnʃl]

adj.省的;地方的;偏狭的

refold

[’riː’fəʊld]

v.再折叠

receptacle

[rɪ’septəkl]

n.容器;花托;插座

pickle

[’pɪkl]

n.腌汁;泡菜;淘气鬼;困境

Anna

[’ʌnə]

n.安娜(女子名)

knit

[nɪt]

v.编织;密接;结合;皱眉

thoughtful

[’θɔːtfl]

adj.深思的;体贴的

meditation

[ˌmedɪ’teɪʃn]

n.沉思;冥想

contrive

[kən’traɪv]

v.图谋;发明;设计;设法做到

flatter

[’flætə(r)]

v.奉承;恭维;取悦;显得好看

subordinate

[sə’bɔːdɪnət]

adj.下级的;次要的

ample

[’æmpl]

adj.丰富的;宽敞的;充足的

vein

[veɪn]

n.静脉;血管

dwell

[dwel]

vi.居住;存在;冥想;详细阐述

necessitate

[nə’sesɪteɪt]

v. 使 ... 成为必需; 迫使

scrub

[skrʌb]

n.用力擦洗;矮树;渺小之物

snort

[snɔːt]

vi. 喷鼻息；鼓鼻;

don

[dɒn]

n.先生(西班牙用语)

pluck

[plʌk]

v.摘;猛拉;拔;拨弹(乐器)

protrude

[prə’truːd]

v.突出;伸出

vest

[vest]

n.背心;内衣;汗衫;马甲

sparse

[spɑːs]

adj.稀少的;稀疏的

illuminate

[ɪ’luːmɪneɪt]

vt.照明;阐释;说明

gleam

[ɡliːm]

v.闪烁;隐约地闪现

oblige

[ə’blaɪdʒ]

vt.迫使;责成;使感激;施恩于;帮 ... 的忙;使…成为必要

mingle

[’mɪŋɡl]

vt.使混合;使结合

apparel

[ə’pærəl]

n.衣服;装具

flit

[flɪt]

v.轻快地飞;掠过;搬家(尤指为躲债)

loaf

[ləʊf]

n.(一条)面包;块

rugged

[’rʌɡɪd]

a. 不平的；崎岖的；有皱纹的;

glare

[ɡleə(r)]

n.闪耀光;刺眼

disperse

[dɪ’spɜːs]

v.分散;散开

dainty

[’deɪnti]

adj.小巧精致的;优美的;讲究的;可口的

foreleg

[’fɔːleɡ]

n.前脚;前肢，前腿

groom

[ɡruːm]

n.新郎;马夫;王室侍从者

daze

[deɪz]

vt. 使 ... 茫然; 使 ... 眩目

scarcely

[’skeəsli]

adv.几乎不;简直不;刚刚;决不

murmur

[’mɜːmə(r)]

n. 低沉连续的声音(如风的沙沙声、流水的淙淙声等);

compliment

[’kɒmplɪmənt]

n.称赞;恭维;(复数)致意

artistically

[ɑː’tɪstɪkli]

adv.有艺术地;在艺术上

whisker

[’wɪskə(r)]

n.腮须胡须;似须物;几乎要做

quiz

[kwɪz]

n.恶作剧;测验;问答比赛

sidle

[’saɪdl]

v.(偷偷地)侧身而行;侧身挨近

footman

[’fʊtmən]

n.男仆;侍应员;步兵;步行者

curl

[kɜːl]

n.卷曲;卷发;年轮;漩涡;【足】曲线球

cipher

[’saɪfə(r)]

n.密码;阿拉伯数字;零;暗号

hopeless

[’həʊpləs]

adj.没有希望的;绝望的;无可救药的

trivial

[’trɪviəl]

adj.不重要的;琐碎的

budge

[bʌdʒ]

v. 移动; 妥协

whereas

[ˌweər’æz]

conj.然而;鉴于

villa

[’vɪlə]

n.别墅

reorder

[ˌriː’ɔːdə(r)]

v.重新排序;重新布置;再订购

dispense

[dɪ’spens]

vt.分发;分配;免除;配(药)

hospitality

[ˌhɒspɪ’tæləti]

n.款待;殷勤;好客;酒店管理

heir

[eə(r)]

n.继承人

stout

[staʊt]

adj.强壮的;肥胖的;牢固的;坚定的

brow

[braʊ]

n.前额;眉毛;山脊;表情

amiability

[ˌeɪmiə’bɪləti]

n.和蔼可亲;友善;亲切

salutation

[ˌsælju’teɪʃn]

n.招呼;致敬;问候

acquaint

[ə’kweɪnt]

vt.使了解;使熟知;告知

inclination

[ˌɪnklɪ’neɪʃn]

n.倾向;意愿;趋势;斜坡;倾斜度

supper

[’sʌpə(r)]

n.晚饭

hush

[hʌʃ]

n.肃静;安静;沉默

sooner

[’suːnə]

adv. soon的比较级

retort

[rɪ’tɔːt]

v.反驳;回嘴;反击

interpose

[ˌɪntə’pəʊz]

v.插入;插嘴;介入;调停

nickname

[’nɪkneɪm]

n. 绰号; 昵称

artful

[’ɑːtfl]

adj.狡猾的;有技巧的;巧妙的

honour

[ˈɒnə]

n.光荣;

antagonist

[æn’tæɡənɪst]

n.敌手;对手;【医】对抗剂，拮抗剂 ;【生】对抗肌

enchant

[ɪn’tʃɑːnt]

v.施魔法;使迷惑;使喜悦;使陶醉

fervent

[’fɜːvənt]

adj.热情的;强烈的;炎热的;热心的

beseech

[bɪ’siːtʃ]

v.恳求;乞求

sincere

[sɪn’sɪə(r)]

adj.真诚的;诚挚的

dimension

[daɪ’menʃn]

①尺寸(长、宽、厚)；(空间的)度(数);

dine

[daɪn]

v.用正餐;进餐

dissipate

[’dɪsɪpeɪt]

v.驱散;消散;散去;浪费;挥霍;放荡

singular

[’sɪŋɡjələ(r)]

a. 非凡的；卓越的;

functionary

[’fʌŋkʃənəri]

n.(尤指政府;政党等的)官员;公务员

Excise

[’eksaɪz]

n.货物税;消费税

wholly

[’həʊlli]

adv.完全地;全部地;一概

billiard

[’bɪliəd]

adj.台球的

hasten

[’heɪsn]

v.催促;赶快;加速

distill

[dɪs’tɪl]

v.蒸馏;滴下;吸取;提炼

brandy

[’brændi]

n.白兰地酒

Customs

[’kʌstəmz]

n.海关

expatiate

[ɪk’speɪʃieɪt]

v.详述;细说;漫游

readiness

[’redinəs]

n.准备就绪;预备;欣然;敏捷

rein

[reɪn]

n.缰绳;驾驭;控制

utterance

[’ʌtərəns]

n.说话;发表

felted

[’feltɪd]

v. 把 ... 制成毡(使 ... 粘结)

refinement

[rɪ’faɪnmənt]

n.精致;文雅;改良;精炼;提炼

behaviour

[bɪˈheɪvɪə]

n.行为

undress

[ʌn’dres]

v.脱掉;使脱衣服;暴露;使卸去装饰

hearty

[’hɑːti]

adj.亲切友好的;衷心的;热烈的;丰盛的;健壮的(尤指老人)

speciality

[ˌspeʃi’æləti]

n.专长

presently

[’prezntli]

adv.不久;一会儿;现在;目前

townsfolk

[’taʊnsfəʊk]

n.市民;市镇居民

perplexity

[pə’pleksəti]

n.困惑;使人困惑的事物

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