-Joneses的不同词性形态
词组
||1: New research hints at other ways inequality could spur crisis. ||2: In a new paper* Marianne Bertrand and Adair Morse, both of the University of Chicago, study patterns of spending across American states between 1980 and 2008. ||3: In particular, they focus on how changes in the behaviour of the richest 20% of households affect the spending choices of the bottom 80%. ||4: They find that a rise in the level of consumption of rich households leads to more spending by the non-rich. ||5: This “trickle-down consumption” appears to result from a desire to keep up with the Joneses . ||6: Non-rich households spend more on luxury goods and services supplied to their more affluent neighbours—domestic services, say, or health clubs. ||7: Had the incomes of America’s top 20% of earners grown at the same, more leisurely pace as the median income, they reckon that the bottom 80% might have saved more over the past three decades—$500 per household per year for the entire period between 1980 and 2008, or $800 per year just before the crisis. ||8: In states where the highest earners were wealthiest, non-rich households were more likely to report “financial duress”.
||1:最新研究表明,不平等还会以其他方式刺激危机发生。||2:芝加哥大学的玛丽安·伯特兰和阿戴尔·莫尔斯最近发表的一篇论文研究了1980——2008年间美国各州的消费模式。||3:他们特别关注了美国人中最富有的20%人群的行为变化如何到影响底层80%人群的消费决策。||4:他们发现,富裕家庭消费水平的提高会引起非富裕家庭开支的增加。||5:人们想要与收入地位相等者进行攀比的心态似乎引发了“涓滴型消费”现象的出现。||6:非富裕家庭在他们那些有钱邻居的影响下会购买更多的奢侈物品和服务——比方说,国内航线或健身俱乐部等。||7:他们估计,过去的三十年里,如果美国收入最高的20%人群的收入增速放缓到像中等收入者一样的水平,底层的那80%人群可能就会更多地进行储蓄——从1980到2008年,每年每户家庭能存500美元,到危机爆发前夕,每年储蓄的金额会上升到800美元。||8:研究表明,在那些收入最高者同时也是最富裕人群的几个州中,非富裕家庭表现出“金融胁迫”症状的可能性更高。
plural noun
1.A person’s neighbours or social equals.
‘If overtaking the _Joneses_ is on the agenda, nothing beats two slave boys turning an ox on a spit, but this can be impracticable for the average semi’s garden.’
‘So it’s every mum for herself in an individualistic, market-driven world, desperate to keep one baby yoga class ahead of the _Joneses_ .’
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