malthus , indeed, had vehemently opposed Ricardo’s doctrine that it was impossible for effective demand to be deficient; but vainly

李嘉图认为有效需求不会不足，马尔萨斯虽曾强烈反对，但是没有用。

||1: In the late 18th century attitudes towards the poor took on a moralising tone. ||2: Thomas Malthus , a clergyman, blamed the plight of the poor on their own flaws. ||3: Technological change might drive wages above subsistence levels, but only temporarily because the fecundity of the poor would soon drive wages back down. ||4: His thinking inspired the introduction of a new Poor Law in 1834, which tried to make the workhouse their only option. ||5: “Outdoor relief”—giving the poor money—needed to be stopped.

||1:18世纪后半叶，人们在对贫穷的看法中夹杂了道德论调。||2: 身为牧师的托马斯?马尔萨斯（Thomas Malthus）将穷人的困苦归咎于他们自身的不足。 ||3:技术革新或许会驱使薪资上涨到能维持温饱的水平之上，但是这只是暂时的，因为穷人的多生多育很快就会带动薪资回落。||4:他的思想启发了当时政府在1834年引进实施了一部新的《济贫法》，试图使去济贫院成为穷人唯一的选择。||5:“院外救济”——给穷人发钱——必须终止。

Nonsense, say Malthus ’s heirs.

“一派胡言”，马尔萨斯学派的继承者们说。

Malthus argued that natural populations grow at an exponential rate, whereas the increase in food supply is linear.

Malthus论证说，自然群体的数量是呈指数级增长的，而食物供应的增加却是呈线性的。

Seven billion of us soon, nine billion in 2045. Let’s hopethat Malthus was right about our ingenuity.

不久，地球人口将达到七十亿，2045年将有九亿。让我们希望马尔萨斯对人类聪明才智的判断是正确的吧。

Darwin read Malthus in 1838 and immediately realized how it applied to his own work.

达尔文1838年阅读了马尔萨斯的作品，立刻就意识到将其应用于自己的研究中。

As an undergraduate, taking a course in the history of economic thought and reading Malthus .

大学时，我选修过经济思想史，读过马尔萨斯的著作。

Of course, as Thomas Malthus famously underestimated, rising demand for food is not bad so long as supply keeps pace.

当然，只要供应跟得上，食品需求不断上涨并非坏事，而众所周知，托马斯•马尔萨斯（ThomasMalthus）对这一点估计不足。

And it still faces the classic constraints, identified by Thomas Malthus in the 19th century, of land and water.

而正如托马斯•马尔萨斯早在19世纪就指出的，土地和水源，是恒常的限制因素。而它们仍然困扰着非洲。

Then came Thomas Robert Malthus [1766-1834] with the discovery that nature does not provide the means of existence for everybody.

后来，马尔萨斯（ThomasRobertMalthus，1766-1834）发现，自然界并没有给每个人提供生存手段。

Even Robert Malthus realised that there was such a thing as birth control.

即使马尔萨斯也意识到，有一种东西叫做节育。

As it turned out， the last plagues great enough to put a dent in global population had already happened when Malthus wrote.

结果证明，马尔萨斯在写这条规律时，已经发生了足以减少全球人口的最后一场大瘟疫。

In spite or perhaps because of such language, thebook was a best seller, as Malthus ’s had been.

尽管或许是因为运用了这种语言，但是这本书就像马尔萨斯的书一样也很畅销。

The background to evolutionary theory lies in the work of Thomas Malthus on population explosion.

进化论的提出背景来源于托马斯-马尔萨斯的人口爆炸理论。

Poor Ehrlich. Maybe next decade . . . What about Malthus ?

可怜的埃利希。或许下一个十年吧……那马尔萨斯呢？

Are Malthus ’s Predicted 1798 Food Shortages Coming True? (Extended version)

马尔萨斯1798年关于粮食短缺的预言会成为事实吗？

Reconsideration of Malthus ’s Ethic Thought of Population and Economy

马尔萨斯的人口经济伦理思想再认识

Marx, who admired Malthus , was equally astonished by the emergence of the middle class.

马克思十分赞赏马尔萨斯，他同样震惊于中产阶级的兴起。

Thomas Malthus is remembered mainly for his theories on population growth.

人们记住托马斯.马尔萨斯的主要原因是他的人口增长理论。

The conflicts of scarcity are not the same as the cataclysms of Malthus .

稀缺性冲突不同于马尔萨斯灾难。

malthus rev thomas robert

n.马尔萨斯