A furnace formerly used in glassmaking for calcination of materials into frit.

熔炉一种以前用在玻璃生产中的火炉，用于原料到玻璃质的锻烧

It is a strong oxidizing agent (see oxidation-reduction), used in fireworks, explosives, matches, fertilizers, glassmaking , steel tempering, and food curing; as a reagent; and as an oxidizer in solid rocket propellants.

硝石是一种强烈的氧化剂，被用于烟火、炸药、火柴、肥料、玻璃器具制造工业、钢铁回火以及食物保存处理，也被用作试剂和坚固的火箭推进物的氧化剂。

||1: Historically it is through innovation and concentrating on quality that Murano has survived the previous challenges from other glassmaking centres. ||2: David Landau, who, with his wife Marie-Rose Kahane, was one of the founders of Le Stanze del Vetro, a glass museum which has also created a centralised archive of Murano studio designs, points out that almost every century something has altered the working pattern of Murano, starting in the 16th century when the rival Dutch glass industry made a leap forward by learning how to make glass for telescopes.

||1:纵观历史，只有通过创新发明和专注质量，慕拉诺才经受处了来自其它玻璃制造中心的挑战，生存至今。||2: Le Stanze del Vetro是一家玻璃制品博物馆，集中收集贝伦哥玻璃工坊艺术设计。大卫·朗道和妻子玛丽·加亨是博物馆的创始人之一。朗道说，16世纪，荷兰学到了如何用玻璃制造望远镜后，其玻璃产业产生了飞跃。此后，几乎每个世纪都会有某样东西改变慕拉诺的工作模式。

A CITY of enchantment, Venice is also besieged with problems. It is threatened by rising sea levels, polluted lagoons and a grim economy. And glassmaking , its most famous industry, has long been sinking along with the city.

威尼斯是魅力之都，同时也是问题之城。周边海平面升高，城内水质污染，经济形势严峻。威尼斯玻璃制造业最负盛名。长期以来，这个盛名之业也随威尼斯一起沉落。