A metabolic acidosis results from any disorder that causes a primary decrease in [HCO3-].

[HCO3-]原发性减少导致代谢性酸中毒。

· If the pCO2 is greater than expected, a respiratory acidosis is also present in addition to the metabolic acidosis.

·如果Pco2高于预测值，则除了代谢性酸中毒，还存在呼吸性酸中毒。

For the elevated gap metabolic acidosis, the A-is an unmeasured anion (e.g., ketoacids in diabetic ketoacidosis).

AG增高型代谢性酸中毒中的阴离子(A-)是未测定的阴离子(例如糖尿病酮症酸中毒中的酮酸)。

Ayres studied coronary flow and myocardial metabolic response to a cute elevation of COHb in man during diagnostic cariac catheterization

艾尔斯研究了诊断中施行导管插入术期间人的冠状动脉血流量和心肌代谢对一氧化碳急剧上升的反应。

Referring to this compensatory process as a “secondary respiratory alkalosis” can easily mislead one to evaluate this simple disorder as a “mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis,” which it is not.

把这种代偿过程称为“继发性呼吸性碱中毒”易把单纯性酸碱平衡紊乱看成“混合性代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性碱中毒”，其实并非如此。

An inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme that is necessary for the metabolism of galactose.The disorder results in elevated levels of galactose in the blood and,if untreated,can lead to mental retardation and eye and liver abnormalities.

半乳糖症一种遗传的代谢紊乱，因缺乏对半乳糖新陈代谢所必需的酶引起。这种紊乱会引起半乳糖在血液中的积聚上升，如果不治疗会导致大脑发育迟缓且眼和肝脏畸形

Causes of an increased Anion Gap: Elevated-gap metabolic acidosis (most common);

表1-3 阴离子间隙增高的原因:存在可以使间隙增高的酸性代谢产物(最常见)

Generalized itching without skin changes can occur in systemic diseases (e.g., metabolic and endocrine conditions, cancer, drug reactions, and kidney, blood, and liver diseases). Dry skin often itches. Treatment depends on cause.

表皮细胞中组织胺的释放常常被认为是引起大多数瘙痒的主要因素。无皮肤损害的全身瘙痒可发生于全身性疾病，如代谢病、内分泌疾病，恶性肿瘤、药物反应以及肾病、血液病和肝病。皮肤干燥可致瘙痒。治疗由病因而定。

Renal Regulation of Serum [HCO3-] in Various Types of Metabolic Alkaloses

不同类型代谢性碱中毒时肾脏对血清碳酸氢盐(HCO3-)的调节

Measuring the concentrations of metabolic intermediates in a living cell presents great experimental difficulties.

测量一个活细胞内代谢中间产物的浓度的实验面临着许多困难。

It plays an important metabolic role in the synthesis of urea, the principal form in which mammals excrete nitrogen compounds. Arginine is used in medicine and biochemical research, in pharmaceuticals, and as a dietary supplement.

成年哺乳动物的非必需氨基酸之一，在与核酸结合的蛋白质(鱼精蛋白和组蛋白)中特别丰富。1895年首次从动物角中分离到。在哺乳动物的尿素(Urea，哺乳动物排泄氮化合物的主要形式)合成中起重要作用。精氨酸应用在医学和生化研究方面，以及制药方面，也可作为饮食补充。

Most are coenzymes, and all appear essential to the metabolic processes of all animal life. They include thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, and vitamin B12 (cobalamin); some authorities also include choline, carnitine, lipoic acid, inositol, and para-aminobenzoic acid.

大部分的维生素B复合体是辅，而在所有动物的代谢过程中可能是不可或缺的。它们包括硫胺素(维生素B1)、核黄素(维生素B2)、烟碱酸(维生素B3)、哆醇(维生素B6)、泛酸、叶酸、生物素、维生素B12，有些说法还包括了胆碱、肉毒碱、硫辛酸、肌醇、对氨基苯酸。

regulation of [HCO3-] by the kidney in metabolic alkalosis

代谢性碱中毒时肾对[HCO3-]的调节

Metabolic alkalosis can also occur as a result of mineralocorticoid excess, which causes excessive stimulation of Na+ resumption and H+ excretion in the distal tubule.

代谢性碱中毒也可以发生在盐皮质激素过多、过度刺激远端小管重吸收Na+和排泌H+的时候。

Renal Response to a Metabolic Acidosis: With increasing acidemia, the proximal tubule reclaims practically all of the HCO3-filtered through the glomerulus.

代谢性酸中毒的肾反应: 随着酸血症增加，肾小球滤过的HCO3-在近端小管处几乎全部重吸收。

Another way to conceptualize the effect of a metabolic acidosis is to graph the changes that occur using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

代谢性酸中毒的影响还可以利用Henderson-Hasselbalch公式通过图表来表示。

The metabolic acidoses can be divided into two types: the elevated-gap and the normal-gap metabolic acidoses.

代谢性酸中毒可以分成两种类型:阴离子间隙(AG)增高型和阴离子间隙正常型代谢性酸中毒。

A metabolic acidosis shifts the pH/pCO2 curve to the left.

代谢性酸中毒使Pco2 / HCO3-曲线左移。

Disturbances in either the metabolic component [a change in the bicarbonate (HCO3-)concentration]or the respiratory component[a change in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)]lead to changes in the serum pH.

代谢性因素(HCO3-浓度变化)或呼吸性因素(PCO2改变)紊乱都会导致血浆pH值改变。

Metabolic defects, especially of the digestive system, liver, kidneys, or red blood cells, prevent proper digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. See also nutrition.

代谢障碍，尤其是涉及消化系统、肝、肾或是红血球的障碍，会妨碍营养的正常消化、吸收及代谢。

In the presence of these other disorders, the assessment of a gap metabolic acidosis can be clouded.

但如果这些其它的紊乱存在的话，代酸间隙的分析就比较困难。

When dealing with a metabolic acidosis, it is helpful to ask, “For this degree of metabolic acidosis (i.e., the lowering of the HCO3-), what is the expected pCO2(the respiratory compensation)?”

当处理代谢性酸中毒时，考虑“对于这种程度的代谢性酸中毒(即HCO3-的减少)，预期的Pco2是多少(呼吸代偿)”是有帮助的。

When a volume-depleted patient with a metabolic alkalosis is given NaCl solution (normal saline), the metabolic alkalosis rapidly reverses as large amounts of HCO3-are excreted in the urine.

当代谢性碱中毒的病人体液量减少时，给予氯化钠溶液(生理盐水)，大量HCO3-随尿排出，代谢性碱中毒迅速逆转。

The antagonistic association between an organism and the metabolic substances produced by another.

对抗作用一个生物和另一种生物新陈代谢物之间的对抗性关系

Both require quite an expensive metabolic commitment on the part of the insect.

对于昆虫,在这两方面都需要有很昂贵的代谢的义务。

In most cases, this assumption is correct. Most metabolic acidosis or alkaloses develop slowly, allowing time for the compensatory processes to work before the patient presents with symptoms.

多数情况下，这种假设是正确的。大多数代谢性酸中毒或碱中毒发展很慢，在病人症状出现以前有时间进行代偿。

Treatable causes include hypothyroidism (see thyroid gland), other metabolic diseases, and some malignant tumours.

发生在甲状腺功能减退、某些代谢性疾病和某些恶性肿瘤病人身上的痴呆症是几种可治疗和控制的情况。

French Language Association for Research on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases

法语地区糖尿病和新陈代谢病研究协会

Equation 3-1 is used to evaluate whether or not another process is present in addition to the metabolic acidosis.

公式是用来评价除了代谢性酸中毒外是否另有其它酸碱平衡紊乱。

An important metabolic intermediate as well as a neurotransmitter molecule in the central nervous system, glutamic acid finds uses in medicine and biochemical research. Its sodium salt is the food flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG).

谷氨酸是重要的代谢中间产物，也是中枢神经系统的神经介质分子，谷氨酸用于医学和生化的研究。谷氨酸钠(即味精)广泛用作调味品。

metabolic drug

代谢药

metabolic pump

n.代谢泵

metabolic stone

n.代谢性石

metabolic chain

代谢链

metabolic shock

【医】代谢休克

metabolic change

n.代谢变化

metabolic defect

n.代谢缺陷症

metabolic system

n.代谢系统

metabolic product

代谢产物

metabolic control

n.代谢控制

metabolic turnover

n.代谢转换

metabolic nitrogen

代谢性氮

metabolic activity

n.代谢活性,代谢活动

metabolic inhibitor

代谢抑制物

work metabolic rate

n.劳动新陈代谢率

metabolic mechanism

n.代谢机制,代谢作用的理化过程

basal metabolic rate

基础代谢率

metabolic antagonism

n.代谢拮抗作用

metabolic equivalent

代谢当量

metabolic presbycusis

n.代谢性老年聋

metabolic craniopathy

n.代谢性颅病

metabolic cooperation

代谢配合,代谢协同

energy metabolic rate

能量代谢速度,能量代谢比率

metabolic requirement

代谢作用需要量

protein metabolic agent

蛋白质代谢剂(因子)

metabolic rate constant

n.代谢率系数

metabolic clearance rate

n.代谢廓清率

metabolic fecal nitrogen

代谢性

carbohydrates metabolic agent

糖质代谢作用药