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第四册

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(1). Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.

蛇的唾液原本像我们人类唾液一样,是一种起辅助作用的消化液,经过长时期的演化它转变成为一种至今难以分析的毒液。

(2). It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do.

并不是由于生存竞争才迫使蛇制造出毒液,毒蛇如果不用毒汁也能捕捉到猎物赖以生存。

(3). Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite.

如同现在数千种无毒蛇捕食猎物那样,毒液对于蛇来讲只不过好像是如虎添翼,蛇有了毒液能够毫不费力地咬上一口就猎到食物。

(4). And why only snakes? Cats, for instance, would be greatly helped; no running rights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits-just a bite and no more effort needed.

但是,为什么只有蛇才有毒液呢?如果猫有了毒液就会受益非浅,不必与凶猛的大老鼠追逐搏斗,也毋需与成年的兔子扭打不休,只要咬上一口就足够了。

(5). How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery.

蛇是怎样产生毒液的至今仍然是个谜。

(6). In fact it would be assistance to the entire carnivore--though it would be a two-edged weapon-When they fought each other.

事实上毒液对于所有的食肉动物都是有用的,虽然在它们互相厮杀时毒液将成为致对方于死命的武器。

(7). But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard).

然而在脊椎动物中,不可捉摸的大自然只选中了蛇和蜥蜴。

(8). One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency.

人们还迷惑不解的是:大自然为什么赐予某些蛇这种剧毒的毒液呢?

(9). In the conversion of saliva into poison one might suppose that a fixed process took place.

人们也许认为,唾液转变成毒液有一个固定的过程。

(10). It did not; some snakes manufactured a poison different in every respect from that of others, as different as arsenic is from strychnine, and having different effects.

非也,有些毒蛇产生的毒液完全不同于另一些毒蛇的毒液,如同砒霜不同于马钱子碱那样,两者具有不同的作用。

(11). One poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood.

一种毒液作用于神经,另一种作用于血液。

(12). The makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic. Vipers (adders)and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison, which is known as haemolytic.

窄头眼镜蛇和眼镜蛇产生的毒液作用于神经,叫敞神经性毒液;蝰蛇(蝮蛇)和响尾蛇产生血液毒液,名为溶血性毒液。

(13). Both poisons are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison.

这两种毒汁皆令人难受,但后者尤甚。

(14). It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula.

据说,两者中神经毒液是较为原始的一种,而血液毒液不妨说是经过改进配方制成的较新产品。

(15). Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.

尽管如此,神经毒液致人于死命要比血液毒液快速得多。

(16). This, however, means nothing.

不过,这也没有什么关系。

(17). Snakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice, and the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate.

蛇产生毒液不是用来对付人类的,而是用于捕食老鼠耗子之类的猎物的,毒蛇的毒液几乎能立即毒死这些小动物。

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