Anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates and aerobic metabolism of fats and proteins yield non-volatile acids, such as ?-hydroxybutyric acid (a retraced), lactic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.

碳水化合物的无氧代谢和蛋白质脂肪的有氧代谢产生非挥发性酸,例如β-羟基丁酸(酮酸)、乳酸、硫酸和磷酸

属类：化学及生命科学-生物化学-酸碱平衡生理学

Ketones are found in unusual amounts in the urine of diabetics and people suffering from faulty fat metabolism

糖尿病患者的尿中丙酮量出现异常,并且患者脂肪代谢出现故障。

属类：综合句库--

The conversion of nutriments into living tissue;constructive metabolism .

同化作用把营养结构转变成活组织;组织性新陈代谢

属类：综合句库--

Humans can synthesize 10 of them (by interconversions)from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism , but the other 10 (essential amino acids: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine)must be consumed in the diet.

透过它们之间的相互转换,或者从代谢中间过程的其它分子转变而来,人类能够合成十种氨基酸(透过相互转换),但其余的十种(必需氨基酸:精氨酸、组氨酸、异白氨酸、白氨酸、离氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸)必须从日常饮食中获得。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Why would the surface-to-volume ratio have an effect on the maximum rate of metabolism ?

为何表/体比对代谢速率有影响?

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

Vitamin C(ascorbic acid)Water-soluble organic compound important in animal metabolism .

维生素C(亦称抗坏血酸):类似六碳糖类的水溶性有机化合物,在动物代谢作用中具有重要功能。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Vitamin D: Any of a group of fat-soluble alcohols important in calcium metabolism in animals to form strong bones and teeth and prevent rickets and osteoporosis. It is formed by ultraviolet radiation (sunlight)of sterols present in the skin.

维生素D:一类脂溶性醇(麦角固醇、胆利钙醇、导钙素)的统称,在动物体内钙的代谢中具有重要功能,能使骨骼和牙齿健壮,并预防佝偻病和骨质疏松。在人体中,维生素D由阳光照射皮肤中的固醇而形成。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Causes: Poor diet, sluggish metabolism , stress, a hormonal imbalance, and sometimes infection.

问题起因:饮食不良,新陈代谢缓慢,压力,荷尔蒙分泌失调,或许还有感染

属类：产品说明书-日化品-

A large,membrane-bound,usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living cell,containing the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism ,growth,and reproduction.

细胞核活细胞之内大的、有膜的、常为球形的细胞质结构,含有细胞遗传物质并控制其新陈代谢、生长和繁殖

属类：综合句库--

Intracellular aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins yields CO2, a volatile acid that is eliminated by the lungs (see “The Respiratory Component).

细胞内碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的有氧代谢产生CO2,即由肺脏排出的挥发性酸(见“呼吸因素)。

属类：化学及生命科学-生物化学-酸碱平衡生理学

The high rate of bacterial metabolism requires a high ratio of surface area to cell volume.

细菌的高代谢速度要求高的表/体比。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

Bacterial cells have a much higher rate of metabolism than animal cells. Under ideal conditions some bacteria will double in size and divide in 20 min, whereas most animal cells under rapid growth conditions require 24 h.

细菌细胞有比动物细胞高得多的代谢速率,在理想条件下,某些细菌能在20分钟内增加一倍,而大多数动物细胞在快速生长条件下需要24小时。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

inborn error of metabolism

先天代谢障碍

属类：综合句库--

inborn errors of metabolism

先天性代谢缺陷

属类：综合句库--

A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells,containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism ,including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy.

线粒体几乎所有真核细胞中的球状或长丝状细胞器,包含遗传物质及对细胞新陈代谢重要的许多酶,包括负责把食物转化成可用能量的酶

属类：综合句库--

The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.

新陈代谢维持生命所必需的,发生于存活细胞中或生物体中的物理和化学过程的总和。在此过程中,一些物质被分解从而为生命过程提供能量,而另一些维持生命所必需的物质则被合成

属类：综合句库--

A hereditary disorder affecting iron metabolism in which excessive amounts of iron accumulate in the body tissues.The disorder is characterized by diabetes mellitus,liver dysfunction,and a bronze pigmentation of the skin.

血色素沉着(症),血色病一种影响铁的新陈代谢的遗传性疾病,大量多余的铁淤积在体内组织中。此疾病的特征是糖尿病、肝机能障碍及皮肤黄褐色色素沉着

属类：综合句库--

The dosage was geared down to a level which would work on the infected cells but not upset their metabolism .

药剂量要减少到既能对受感染细胞起作用,又不损害它们的代谢作用。

属类：综合句库--

The dosage was geared down to a level which would work on the infected cells but not upset their normal metabolism .

药量已被减低到某一水平,既足以对付受感染的细胞,又不会干扰正常的新陈代谢。

属类：综合句库--

How long would it take for the E. coli RNA polymerase to synthesize the primary transcript for the E. coli genes encoding the enzymes for lactose metabolism (the 5,300 base pair lac operon)?

一般认为大肠杆菌RNA聚合酶合成大肠杆菌编码乳糖代谢酶(5300bp的乳糖操纵子)的基因的第一次转录要多长时间?

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats,especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen,which lowers the blood glucose level.

胰岛素一种胰岛分泌的多肽激素,作用于碳水化合物和脂肪新陈代谢的调节系统,特别作用于葡萄糖向降低血糖的糖原转化的过程

属类：综合句库--

Ethanol metabolism thus produces high levels of NADH and an increased NADH: NAD+ ratio, which inhibits oxidation of fatty acids.

因此,乙醇的代谢产物可提高NADH水平和NADH:NAD+的比值,后者可抑制脂肪酸的氧化。

属类：化学及生命科学-生物化学-鉴别诊断

Because the pK values for most of the non-volatile acids (HA)produced by cellular metabolism are much lower than 7.40(the pH of the blood), they are forced to dissociate into H+ ions and anions (A-).

因为大多数细胞内代谢产生的非挥发性酸(HA)的PK值都远低于7.40(血液PH值),所以它们都被降解成H+离子和阴离子(A-)。

属类：化学及生命科学-生物化学-酸碱平衡生理学

auxotroph:an organism, such as a strain of bacteria, that has lost the ability to synthesize certain substances required for its growth and metabolism as the result of mutational changes.

营养缺陷型:一种有机体,如细菌菌株,因某种突变的结果而失去合成某种生长及代谢所需物质的能力。

属类：综合句库-未分类-

Instantly, amazingly, skin's metabolism is boosted,

于顷刻间奇迹般地加速肌肤的新陈代谢

属类：产品说明书-日化品-

A congenital condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone during prenatal development and characterized in childhood by dwarfed stature,mental retardation,dystrophy of the bones,and a low basal metabolism .

愚侏儒病一种因在胎儿发育期间缺乏甲状腺激素导致的先天性病症,症状为在少儿时期体型矮小、智力迟钝、骨骼营养不良以及基本的新陈代谢能力低下

属类：综合句库--

Vitamin B6 is needed for metabolism of amino acids and prevention of skin and nerve disorders. Vitamin B12 prevents pernicious anemia and is involved in nucleic-acid synthesis, fat metabolism, and conversion of carbohydrate to fat. The B complex vitamins are particularly abundant in cereal grains, meats, nuts, and some fruits and vegetables.

在氨基苯酸的代谢和皮肤、神经疾病的预防中,维生素B6是必需的。良好来源是植物油脂、全粒谷物、荚果、酵母菌、肌肉类、肝、鱼类。维生素B12能够预防恶性贫血,并与核酸的合成、脂肪代谢作用、碳水化合物转化为脂肪的过程、氨基酸的代谢有关。来源为牛奶、肉类、肝、蛋、鱼类。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

During this time I assisted Dr. Williams in basic research concerning the phosphates cycle in metabolism . I can supply you with a copy of the resulting paper at your request.

在此期间,曾协助威廉斯博士从事新陈代谢中磷光循环之基础研究。如贵公司有意聘雇本人的话,当可寄上成绩单一份,供作参考。

属类：应用文体-求职英语-简历英语

It is especially important in the cellular metabolism of animals as the only amino acid capable of readily crossing the blood-brain barrier. It is used in medicine and biochemical research and as a feed additive

在蛋白质中含量丰富。是唯一容易通过血脑屏障的氨基酸,因此在动物的细胞代谢中十分重要。常用于医学和生化的研究及食品添加剂。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The compounds, in which it has valence 2, are used as insulators and refractories and in fertilizers, cement, rubber, plastics, foods, and pharmaceuticals (antacids, purgatives, laxatives). Magnesium is an essential element in human nutrition; it is the cofactor in enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and in chlorophyll.

在二价化合物中,镁被用作绝缘体和耐火材料;也用于化肥、水泥、橡胶、塑料、食品和药物(抗酸剂、泻药和轻泻药)。镁是人体营养的一个重要元素,也是在碳水化合物代谢中的和叶绿素中的辅助因子。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-