Advanced clothes-washing machines, for example, use fuzzy-logic systems to detect and adapt to patterns of water movement during a wash cycle, increasing efficiency and reducing water consumption.

高级的洗衣机能利用模糊逻辑系统来探测和适应洗涤循环中水的运动模式，从而减少耗水量，提高洗涤效率。

属类：自然科学-数学-

For example, the function f(x)= 1/x, or the reciprocal of x, tends toward 0 as x approaches infinity as a limit. This process of approaching is crucial to the definition of the derivative and the integral in calculus

例如，函数f(x)＝1/x，或x的倒数，当x的值无穷大时其值接近于零。这个近似的过程影响到对导数的定义和微积分的积分

属类：自然科学-数学-

Fundamental concept of calculus related to areas and other quantities modeled by functions.

微积分的基本概念，涉及函数所围成的区域的面积与数量。

属类：自然科学-数学-

A definite integral gives the area between the graph of a function and the horizontal axis between vertical lines at the endpoints of an interval

定积分产生了函数图表与区间终点之垂直线间水平轴线之间的面积。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Other products using fuzzy logic include camcorders, microwave ovens, and dishwashers. Other applications include expert systems, self-regulating industrial controls, and computerized speech-and handwriting-recognition programs

其它采模糊逻辑系统的产品有手提摄录像机、微波炉和洗碗机。模糊逻辑的其它应用还有专家系统、自调节工业控制、计算机化言语和笔迹识别程序等。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Visual representation of a data set or a mathematical equation, inequality, or function to show relationships or tendencies that these formulas can only suggest symbolically and abstractly.

数据组或数学方程式、不等式或函数的图标，显示这些公式在符号上和抽象领域仅能蕴含的关系或倾向

属类：自然科学-数学-

Though histograms and pie charts are also graphs, the term usually applies to point plots on a coordinate system.

虽然直方图和圆饼图也是图表，该术语通常用于坐标系的点联曲线图。

属类：自然科学-数学-

For example, a graph of the relationship between real numbers and their squares matches each real number on a horizontal axis with its square on a vertical axis.

举例来说，实数与其平方的关系图表符合了横坐标上每个实数皆对应到纵坐标上的平方值。

属类：自然科学-数学-

The resulting set of points in this case is a parabola. A graph of an inequality is usually a shaded region on one side of a curve, whose shape depends not only on the equation or inequality but on the coordinate system chosen

这种情况所产生的一组点是拋物线。不等式的图表通常是曲线一侧为阴影区，而曲线的形状不仅要看方程式或不等式，也要看所选择的坐标系而定。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Graph theory-Mathematical theory of networks. A graph consists of nodes (also called points or vertices)and edges (lines)connecting certain pairs of nodes. An edge that connects a node to itself is called a loop.

图论-网络的数学理论。一个图包括结点(亦称点或顶点)和连接某些对结点的边(线)，连接一个结点回到其本身的边称为环。

属类：自然科学-数学-

In 1735 Leonhard Euler published an analysis of an old puzzle concerning the possibility of crossing every one of seven bridges (no bridge twice)that span a forked river flowing past an island.

1735年欧拉发表了关于一个古老谜题的分析，谜题内容为:河中有两座岛，在岛与岛及岛与岸之间有七座桥，如何才能不重复走过每一座桥再回到起点。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Euler’s proof that no such path exists and his generalization of the problem to all possible networks are now recognized as the origin of both graph theory and topology.

欧拉证明这个问题没有解，并且给出了对解决其它可能的网络问题的判定法则，如今被视为图论和拓扑学的起源。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Equation that describes genetic balance within a population. It may be stated as follows

描述群体遗传平衡的代数方程式。其内容如下︰

属类：自然科学-数学-

In a large, random-mating population, the proportion of dominant and recessive genes tends to remain constant from generation to generation unless outside forces act to change it.

在一随机交配的大群体中，显性基因与隐性基因的比例在每一代中均保持恒定，除非受到外界影响使其改变。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Forces that can disturb this natural balance are selection, mutation, gene flow, and natural selection. Certain gene-controlled traits are selected for or against by the partners involved.

能干扰这种自然平衡的外界因素有选择、突变、基因流动以及自然选择。某些受基因控制的性状为与之交配的异性个体所选择或不选择。

属类：自然科学-数学-

Formula for finding the area of a triangle in terms of the lengths of its sides. In symbols, if a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides: Area = ?s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)where s is half the perimeter, or (a + b + c)/2.

以边长来求三角形面积的公式。式中，a、b、c代表边长，s是边长总和之半，即1/2(a+b+c)。则面积=…

属类：自然科学-数学-

Imaginary number is any number of the form a + bi where a and b are real numbers, i is the square root of-1, and b is not zero. If a is zero, the number is called a pure imaginary number.

虚数是形式为a+bi的任何数，其中a和b是实数，i是-1的平方根，且b不为0。如果a为0，这个数就称作纯虚数。

属类：自然科学-数学-

In logic, a relation that holds between two propositions when they are linked as antecedent and consequent of a true conditional proposition.

在逻辑中，指两个命题被归为真实条件命题的前因与后果时二者之间的关系。

属类：自然科学-数学-

"Logicians distinguish two main types of implication, material and strict. Proposition p materially implies proposition q if and only if the material conditional p é q (read "if p then q")is true"

逻辑学家将蕴涵分成实质的和严格的两种主要类型。p命题实质蕴涵q命题，若且唯若实质条件pq(读作若p则q)为真

属类：自然科学-数学-

A proposition of the form p é q is false whenever p is true and q is false

如果p为真而q为非，则命题pq为非

属类：自然科学-数学-