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化工:化工厂设计与操作:
These systems are able to cope with "noisy" and incomplete data and are easier to run on-line than KBSs.
这些系统还能够对付"噪音"信号和不完整的数据，而且比KBS系统更容易实现在线运行。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
However they may interpret a fault as noise, if not properly taught. aNNs are able to learn from new process faults and so they should continue to improve with use.
不过，假如训练不当，它们也许会把事故信息解释成噪音。aNN系统能够从新的事故过程中学习，所以它们应该能够在使用中不断得到改进。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Design is a creative process with no "right" answers, drawing from the chemical engineer’s experience and the wisdom of others.
设计是一个创造过程，没有"正确"的答案，而是出自于化学工程师的经验和设计者的智慧。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Someone once defined design as "The conversion of an ill-defined requirement into a satisfied customer." This is especially true in chemical engineering, and the steps between the two may involve much time and cost millions of dollars.
有人曾把设计定义成"把一个说得不清楚的需求转化成一个合格的顾客。"化学工程尤其是如此，而且在这二者之间的各个步骤会占用许多时间和大量开支。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Chemical engineers are involved in this industrial design process from pen to plant and certain common steps on that road can be recognised.
化学工程师参与的工业设计，从动笔到工厂实施的全过程中，可以划分出若干常见的步骤。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Many of those design stages are involved in process design, the design of the individual unit operations and how they should fit together to produce the desired product as safely and profitably as possible.
其中许多属于工艺设计，也就是个别的单元操作设计和如何把它们组合起来，尽可能安全、高利润地生产满意的产品。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Firstly the designer must try and obtain as detailed a design brief as possible so that he designs what is actually required. This will inform him as to what is necessary and which parts are optional.
首先，设计者必须获得尽可能详细的设计任务书，这样他可以明确设计的要求。这会给他指明什么是必须的，哪些部分是可选择的。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Next, all the information needed for the design such as legal constraints and physical properties is collected, and any unknown methods and similar projects should be researched too.
其次，收集设计所需的全部资料，比如法律上的限制和物性数据;而且对所有不成熟的方法和类似的设计项目也需要研究。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Using this information, and his experience, the chemical engineer will generate a number of designs and then evaluate these using economic and physical constraints.
利用这些信息和他个人的经验,化学工程师会提出一系列设计方案，然后使用经济的和物理的限制条件进行评价。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Finally the optimal design (in his opinion)will be selected, and a process flow diagram of the design will be drawn. From this a process and instrumentation diagram will be developed.
最后，(在他看来的)优化设计被选出，并且画出一个设计工艺流程图，由它再作出工艺与仪表流程图。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Process design is part of a larger scale design activity: plant design
工艺设计只是大规模设计活动--工厂设计的一部分。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Increasingly chemical engineers are involved in many aspects of plant design, simulating processes as a whole using sophisticated computer techniques, creating plant layouts, 3D views and even animations using drawing and visualisation software.
化学工程师越来越多地参与到工厂设计的许多方面，使用复杂的计算机技术作整个过程的模拟，作工厂布局，三维视图，甚至使用绘图和显示软件作动画。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Even when the plant is finally built, the chemical engineer should inspect the final result, and if necessary, specify modifications.
即使当工厂最终建成，化学工程师还得视察最后结果，若有必要，还要写出修改说明。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Firstly let’s review the basics of P and I diagrams. They show the engineering details of the equipment,instruments,piping, valves and fittings,and their arrangement．They are produced by marking up features on the process flow diagram.
首先，我们来回顾一下P&I图，它们表达了设备、仪表、管线、阀门和附件及其布置的工程细节。它们是由工艺流程图加注特征符号产生的
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Key features are the detailed process control, the number and process location of relief valves and other methods of process relief, equipment isolation, depress surmising requirements and allowance for the various operating modes of the plant.
关键特征包括:详细的工艺控制点，放空阀的数量及工艺位置和其它的工艺卸载方法，设备绝热，卸压要求和对工厂各种操作模式的容许限。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
That’s a good extended definition of P and I diagrams.
它是P&l图的一个很好的扩展定义。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
Are the drawings available in paper and computer formats? Both are available, and modifications are kept up to date using the computer system.
图纸使用书写格式还是计算机格式?二者皆可，而且图纸的修改使用计算机系统来保持最新状态。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
That ensures that everyone has the same copy available to work from. The final diagrams of the plant and on-site utilities are kept in the control room.
这样确保每一位都可以从同样的版本开始他的工作。工厂的最终流程图和现场公用设施图保存在控制室里。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
What, if any, are the company specific methods that this company uses that are not standard.
如果有的话，我们公司内使用的哪些特殊方法是非标准的?
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
The method we use for numbering lines is slightly different. For example 4"-305-FG-B3 refers to a 4 inch diameter pipeline, the fifth line to unit 300, a fuel gas service line having a service and pressure rating of B3 according to BS 1646:1983.
我们用来给管线编号的方法有一点不同。例如，4"一305～FG-B3指的是300单元、第5号管线、一根4时直径的管线，这是一根燃气供应管，供气与压力等级，按照RSl646:1983规范是B3。
属类：化学及生命科学-化工-化工厂设计与操作
| 1 | 这些系统还能够对付"噪音"信号和不完整的数据，而且比KBS系统更容易实现在线运行。 | These systems are able to cope with "noisy" and incomplete data and are easier to run on-line than KBSs. |
|
| 2 | 不过，假如训练不当，它们也许会把事故信息解释成噪音。aNN系统能够从新的事故过程中学习，所以它们应该能够在使用中不断得到改进。 | However they may interpret a fault as noise, if not properly taught. aNNs are able to learn from new process faults and so they should continue to improve with use. |
|
| 3 | 设计是一个创造过程，没有"正确"的答案，而是出自于化学工程师的经验和设计者的智慧。 | Design is a creative process with no "right" answers, drawing from the chemical engineer’s experience and the wisdom of others. |
|
| 4 | 有人曾把设计定义成"把一个说得不清楚的需求转化成一个合格的顾客。"化学工程尤其是如此，而且在这二者之间的各个步骤会占用许多时间和大量开支。 | Someone once defined design as "The conversion of an ill-defined requirement into a satisfied customer." This is especially true in chemical engineering, and the steps between the two may involve much time and cost millions of dollars. |
|
| 5 | 化学工程师参与的工业设计，从动笔到工厂实施的全过程中，可以划分出若干常见的步骤。 | Chemical engineers are involved in this industrial design process from pen to plant and certain common steps on that road can be recognised. |
|
| 6 | 其中许多属于工艺设计，也就是个别的单元操作设计和如何把它们组合起来，尽可能安全、高利润地生产满意的产品。 | Many of those design stages are involved in process design, the design of the individual unit operations and how they should fit together to produce the desired product as safely and profitably as possible. |
|
| 7 | 首先，设计者必须获得尽可能详细的设计任务书，这样他可以明确设计的要求。这会给他指明什么是必须的，哪些部分是可选择的。 | Firstly the designer must try and obtain as detailed a design brief as possible so that he designs what is actually required. This will inform him as to what is necessary and which parts are optional. |
|
| 8 | 其次，收集设计所需的全部资料，比如法律上的限制和物性数据;而且对所有不成熟的方法和类似的设计项目也需要研究。 | Next, all the information needed for the design such as legal constraints and physical properties is collected, and any unknown methods and similar projects should be researched too. |
|
| 9 | 利用这些信息和他个人的经验,化学工程师会提出一系列设计方案，然后使用经济的和物理的限制条件进行评价。 | Using this information, and his experience, the chemical engineer will generate a number of designs and then evaluate these using economic and physical constraints. |
|
| 10 | 最后，(在他看来的)优化设计被选出，并且画出一个设计工艺流程图，由它再作出工艺与仪表流程图。 | Finally the optimal design (in his opinion)will be selected, and a process flow diagram of the design will be drawn. From this a process and instrumentation diagram will be developed. |
|
| 11 | 工艺设计只是大规模设计活动--工厂设计的一部分。 | Process design is part of a larger scale design activity: plant design |
|
| 12 | 化学工程师越来越多地参与到工厂设计的许多方面，使用复杂的计算机技术作整个过程的模拟，作工厂布局，三维视图，甚至使用绘图和显示软件作动画。 | Increasingly chemical engineers are involved in many aspects of plant design, simulating processes as a whole using sophisticated computer techniques, creating plant layouts, 3D views and even animations using drawing and visualisation software. |
|
| 13 | 即使当工厂最终建成，化学工程师还得视察最后结果，若有必要，还要写出修改说明。 | Even when the plant is finally built, the chemical engineer should inspect the final result, and if necessary, specify modifications. |
|
| 14 | 首先，我们来回顾一下P&I图，它们表达了设备、仪表、管线、阀门和附件及其布置的工程细节。它们是由工艺流程图加注特征符号产生的 | Firstly let’s review the basics of P and I diagrams. They show the engineering details of the equipment,instruments,piping, valves and fittings,and their arrangement．They are produced by marking up features on the process flow diagram. |
|
| 15 | 关键特征包括:详细的工艺控制点，放空阀的数量及工艺位置和其它的工艺卸载方法，设备绝热，卸压要求和对工厂各种操作模式的容许限。 | Key features are the detailed process control, the number and process location of relief valves and other methods of process relief, equipment isolation, depress surmising requirements and allowance for the various operating modes of the plant. |
|
| 16 | 它是P&l图的一个很好的扩展定义。 | That’s a good extended definition of P and I diagrams. |
|
| 17 | 图纸使用书写格式还是计算机格式?二者皆可，而且图纸的修改使用计算机系统来保持最新状态。 | Are the drawings available in paper and computer formats? Both are available, and modifications are kept up to date using the computer system. |
|
| 18 | 这样确保每一位都可以从同样的版本开始他的工作。工厂的最终流程图和现场公用设施图保存在控制室里。 | That ensures that everyone has the same copy available to work from. The final diagrams of the plant and on-site utilities are kept in the control room. |
|
| 19 | 如果有的话，我们公司内使用的哪些特殊方法是非标准的? | What, if any, are the company specific methods that this company uses that are not standard. |
|
| 20 | 我们用来给管线编号的方法有一点不同。例如，4"一305～FG-B3指的是300单元、第5号管线、一根4时直径的管线，这是一根燃气供应管，供气与压力等级，按照RSl646:1983规范是B3。 | The method we use for numbering lines is slightly different. For example 4"-305-FG-B3 refers to a 4 inch diameter pipeline, the fifth line to unit 300, a fuel gas service line having a service and pressure rating of B3 according to BS 1646:1983. |
|
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