The column is stainless steel (6ft ′ 0.25in.o.d.)packed with 30% Carbowax 20M on acid-washed 60/80-mesh Chromosorb W.

柱子为不锈钢材料(6英尺×0.25英寸外径),用30%聚乙二醇2万固定相涂布在用酸洗过的60-80目的Chromosorb W担体上。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The column was conditioned overnight at 180oC with a flow of nitrogen carrier gas. Operating conditions were:Oven temperature 100 or 130oC;Injection temperature 160°C;Nitrogen flow; 35ml/min;Hydrogen 28ml/min;Oxygen 100mL/min.

柱子用氮气作载气于180°C下吹扫过夜。操作条件为:炉温100或130°C;进样口温度160°C;氮气流速35ml/min;氢气流速28ml/min;氧气流速100ml/min。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Peak heights of both the alcohol and the internal standard are used in the calculations. The following formula can be employed for determinations

用酒精和内标物的峰高进行计算,可采用下式进行计算

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Where, W1 = mg ethanol;W2 = 100 ml of the unknown;Cs = Concentration of standard ethanol solution (here it is 50mg/100ml)

式中:W1=乙醇的毫克;W2=100毫升的未知物;Cs=标准乙醇溶液的浓度(50mg/ml)

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Hx = peak height of ethanol from the unknown;hs = peak height of internal standard (isobutanol)in the known

h x=已知物中乙醇的峰高;hs=未知物中内标物(异丁醇)的峰高

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Discussion. Fig.1 shows a typical chromatogram obtained by injecting 0.5m l of blood-isobutanol internal standard mixture. The peaks are clearly separated and sharp.

图1显示了一份通过注射0.5微升血液-异丁醇内标混合物而获得的典型的色谱图。图中各峰都被清楚地分开而且峰很尖锐。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Table 1 gives the retention and relative retention times of some common volatile compounds associated with alcohol ingestion, diabetes, and glue sniffing.

表1给出了一些常见的挥发性化合物的保留时间和相对保留时间,这些挥发性化合物都与酒精的摄取、糖尿病及嗜好嗅粘接剂中的有机溶剂味等病有关。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The operating parameters such as column temperature or gas flow are not critical. They may vary with the type of compound under investigation, as well as the nature of the gas chromatograph in use.

操作参数如柱温或载气流速并不是确定不变的,它们可随所研究的化合物的类型及所用气相色谱仪的性质不同而改变。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Other packings may also be used in this determination, including Hallcomid M 180L on Chromosorb W 80/100 mesh, or Porapak Q 80/100 mesh. Porapak has different characteristics but has the advantage that it represents a packing without a coating.

其它填料也可用于该测定,包括Hallcomid M180L涂布在Chromosorb W80-100目的担体上或Porapark Q80-100目的填料。Porapak有不同的特性但它的优点是它是一种无需涂层的填料。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The term macromolecule, or polymer, is applied to substances of high molecular weight that are composed of a large number (usually at least 100)of units of low molecular weight joined by covalent bonds.

大分子或聚合物这个名称,被用来表示一些高分子量的物质。这些物质由很多(通长至少为100)个低分子量的单元由共价键连接而成。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

If the low molecular weight units making up the macromolecule are bonded end-to-end in a long chain and no covalent chemical bonds exist between the chains, the macromolecules are called linear polymers.

如果组成大分子的这些低分子量的单元以尾-尾相接的方式彼此连接成一个长链,并且链间无共价的化学键存在,这样的大分子被称为线型聚合物。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Such polymers, unless of extremely high molecular weight (1,000,000), can usually be dissolved and, when heated, they soften or melt so that they can be extruded into fibers or moulded into desired shapes. These polymers are said to be thermoplastic.

这样的聚合物,除分子量特别高的(1,000,000以上)外,通常都能被溶解。当被加热时,它们就会软化或者熔化,以致于它们能被挤压成纤维或者注塑成所需的形状,这类聚合物被称为热塑型聚合物。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

On the other hand, if the polymer chains are linked together at numerous points, the polymer is one large three-dimensional molecule, infusible and insoluble. Such polymers are called cross-links.

另一方面,如果这些聚合物链在许多的结点处交联在一起,这样的聚合物就是一个巨大的三维分子,是不可熔化及不可溶解的。这样的聚合物被称为交联聚合物。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Certain linear polymers, referred to as thermosetting, contain groups which, when heated, react to give cross-linked polymers.

一些被称为热固型聚合物的线型聚合物,含有一些基团,当被加热时就反应得到交联聚合物。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The process by which small molecules undergo multiple combination to form macromolecules is polymerization. Small molecules from which a macromolecule or polymer can be made are called monomers.

这种小分子进行多次组合形成大分子的过程被称为聚合,组成大分子或聚合物的小分子被称为单体。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Two types of polymerization are recognized: (1)condensation polymerization and (2)addition polymerization.

人们已知有两种聚合方式:(1)缩聚,(2)加聚。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

A polymer-forming reaction involving elimination of a small molecule such as water or alcohol between monomer units is described as condensation polymerization.

一个涉及在两个单体单元之间消除一个小分子(例如水或醇)形成聚合物的反应被称为缩聚反应。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

In addition polymerization, unsaturated or cyclic molecules add to each other without elimination of any portion of the monomer molecule. The empirical formula of the polymer is then, of course, the same as that of the monomer.

在加聚反应中,不饱和的或环状的分子之间彼此加成,没有消除任何分子,这样,聚合物的实验式就当然与单体的实验式相同。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Reactions capable of forming macromolecules by either addition or condensation polymerization must be functionally capable of proceeding indefinitely.

一个形成高分子化合物的反应,不管是通过加聚还是通过缩聚来进行的,都必须有许多官能团的参与才能完成。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Whenever two monomer molecules react, the product must contain a functional group capable of reacting with another molecule of monomer.

当两个单体分子发生反应时,其产物中必须具有可与另一单体反应的官能团。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-