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化学:化学习题:
In the course of your Web searches try to find information about the cellular function of the protein.
在Web搜索过程中，找到关于此蛋白质细胞功能的信息。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Protein A has a binding site for ligand X with a Kd of 10-6 M. Protein B has a binding site for ligand X with a Kd of l0-9 M. Which protein has a higher affinity for ligand X? Explain your reasoning. Convert the Kd to Ka for both proteins.
蛋白A与有结合位点的配体X之间的Kd为10-6M.蛋白B与有结合位点的配体X之间的Kd为10-9M.哪种蛋白质对配体X的亲和力高?把两种蛋白质的Kd转化为Ka。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Which of the following situations would produce a Hill plot with nH < 1.0?
下列哪种情形会产生nH<1.0的Hill图?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The protein has multiple subunits, each with a single ligand-binding site. Binding of ligand to one site decreases the binding affinity of other sites for the ligand.
此蛋白质有多个亚基，每个亚基上有一个结合位点。配体与一个结合位点的结合降低了其它位点对配体的亲和力。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The protein is a single polypeptide with two ligand-binding sites, each having a different affinity for the ligand.
此蛋白质为单个多肽链，有两个配体结合位点，每个对配体有不同的亲和力。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The protein is a single polypeptide with a single ligand-binding site. As purified, the protein preparation is heterogeneous, containing some protein molecules that are partially denatured and thus have a lower binding affinity for the ligand.
此蛋白质为单个多肽链，只有一个配体结合位点。纯化后的此蛋白制备物是不均一的，含有一些部分变性的蛋白分子，因此对配体的亲和力降低。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
What is the effect of the following changes on the O2 affinity of myoglobin and hemoglobin?
下列变化对血红蛋白和肌红蛋白对氧的亲和力有什么效应?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
A drop in the pH of blood plasma from 7.4 to 7.2. A decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs from 6 kPa (holding one’s breath)to 2 kPa (normal); An increase in the BPG level from 5 mM (normal altitudes)to 8 mM (high altitudes).
(a)血浆pH从7.4降至7.2;(b)CO2分压从肺部的6kPa(平身静气)降至2kPa(正常);BPG水平从5mM(正常海拔)上升到8mM(高海拔)。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Under appropriate conditions, hemoglobin dissociates into its four subunits. The isolated a subunit binds oxygen, but the O2 saturation curve is hyperbolic rather than sigmoid.
在合适的条件下，血红蛋白解离成四个亚基。分离的a-亚基能与氧结合，但氧饱和曲线为双区线而不是S型。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
In addition, the binding of oxygen to the isolatedαsubunit is not affected by the presence of HCO3-, or BPG. What do these observations indicate about the source of the cooperativity in hemoglobin?
另外，氧与分离的a-亚基的结合不受HCO3-和BPG的影响。这些观察事实说明血红蛋白的协同性的来源的什么情况?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Studies of oxygen transport in pregnant mammals have shown that the O2-saturation curves of fetal and maternal blood are markedly different when measured under the same conditions.
对怀孕哺乳动物的氧转运研究表明，当在相同条件下测定时，胎儿与母体血的氧饱和曲线显著不同。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Fetal erythrocytes contain a structural variant of hemoglobin, HbF, consisting of two α and two γsubunits (α2γ2). Whereas maternal erythrocytes contain HbA (α2β2)
胎儿红细胞含有血红蛋白的一个变种HbF,它是由两个α和两个γ亚基组成(α2γ2)，而母体红细胞含HbA(α2β2)。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Which hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen under physiological conditions. HbA or HbF?Explain.
在生理条件下，哪种血红蛋白对氧的亲和力高，HbA还是HbF?请解释。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
What is the physiological significance of the different O2 affinities?
这种不同的氧亲和力有什么生理意义?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
When all the BPG is carefully removed from samples of HbA and HbF,the measured O2-saturation curves and consequently the O2 affinities are displaced to the left. However, HbA now has a greater affinity for than does HbF.
当仔细除去HbA和HbF样品中所有的BPG，测得的氧饱和曲线和亲和力向左移动，此时HbA对氧的亲和力比HbF高。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
When BPG is reintroduced, the O2-saturation curves return to normal, as shown in the graph. What is the effect of BPG on the O2 affinity of hemoglobin?
当重新引入BPG,氧饱和曲线又回到正常，如下图所示.BPG对血红蛋白与氧的亲和力的作用是什么?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
How can the above information be used to explain the different O2 affinity of fetal and maternal hemoglobin?
如何用上述信息解释胎儿与母体血红蛋白对氧的不同亲和力?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
There are almost 500 naturally occurring variants of hemoglobin. Most are the result of a single ainino acid substitution in α globin polypeptide chain.
血红蛋白的天然变种几达500余种。大多数变种是α链的单氨基酸突变。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Some variants produce clinical illness, though not all variants have deleterious effects. A brief sample is presented below
有些变种产生临床疾病，尽管不是所有变种都有害。下面就是其中的一些变种。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
HbS (sickle-cell Hb): substitutes a Val for a Glu on the surface。
分子表面的一个Glu被一个Val取代。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
| 1 | 在Web搜索过程中，找到关于此蛋白质细胞功能的信息。 | In the course of your Web searches try to find information about the cellular function of the protein. |
|
| 2 | 蛋白A与有结合位点的配体X之间的Kd为10-6M.蛋白B与有结合位点的配体X之间的Kd为10-9M.哪种蛋白质对配体X的亲和力高?把两种蛋白质的Kd转化为Ka。 | Protein A has a binding site for ligand X with a Kd of 10-6 M. Protein B has a binding site for ligand X with a Kd of l0-9 M. Which protein has a higher affinity for ligand X? Explain your reasoning. Convert the Kd to Ka for both proteins. |
|
| 3 | 下列哪种情形会产生nH<1.0的Hill图? | Which of the following situations would produce a Hill plot with nH < 1.0? |
|
| 4 | 此蛋白质有多个亚基，每个亚基上有一个结合位点。配体与一个结合位点的结合降低了其它位点对配体的亲和力。 | The protein has multiple subunits, each with a single ligand-binding site. Binding of ligand to one site decreases the binding affinity of other sites for the ligand. |
|
| 5 | 此蛋白质为单个多肽链，有两个配体结合位点，每个对配体有不同的亲和力。 | The protein is a single polypeptide with two ligand-binding sites, each having a different affinity for the ligand. |
|
| 6 | 此蛋白质为单个多肽链，只有一个配体结合位点。纯化后的此蛋白制备物是不均一的，含有一些部分变性的蛋白分子，因此对配体的亲和力降低。 | The protein is a single polypeptide with a single ligand-binding site. As purified, the protein preparation is heterogeneous, containing some protein molecules that are partially denatured and thus have a lower binding affinity for the ligand. |
|
| 7 | 下列变化对血红蛋白和肌红蛋白对氧的亲和力有什么效应? | What is the effect of the following changes on the O2 affinity of myoglobin and hemoglobin? |
|
| 8 | (a)血浆pH从7.4降至7.2;(b)CO2分压从肺部的6kPa(平身静气)降至2kPa(正常);BPG水平从5mM(正常海拔)上升到8mM(高海拔)。 | A drop in the pH of blood plasma from 7.4 to 7.2. A decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs from 6 kPa (holding one’s breath)to 2 kPa (normal); An increase in the BPG level from 5 mM (normal altitudes)to 8 mM (high altitudes). |
|
| 9 | 在合适的条件下，血红蛋白解离成四个亚基。分离的a-亚基能与氧结合，但氧饱和曲线为双区线而不是S型。 | Under appropriate conditions, hemoglobin dissociates into its four subunits. The isolated a subunit binds oxygen, but the O2 saturation curve is hyperbolic rather than sigmoid. |
|
| 10 | 另外，氧与分离的a-亚基的结合不受HCO3-和BPG的影响。这些观察事实说明血红蛋白的协同性的来源的什么情况? | In addition, the binding of oxygen to the isolatedαsubunit is not affected by the presence of HCO3-, or BPG. What do these observations indicate about the source of the cooperativity in hemoglobin? |
|
| 11 | 对怀孕哺乳动物的氧转运研究表明，当在相同条件下测定时，胎儿与母体血的氧饱和曲线显著不同。 | Studies of oxygen transport in pregnant mammals have shown that the O2-saturation curves of fetal and maternal blood are markedly different when measured under the same conditions. |
|
| 12 | 胎儿红细胞含有血红蛋白的一个变种HbF,它是由两个α和两个γ亚基组成(α2γ2)，而母体红细胞含HbA(α2β2)。 | Fetal erythrocytes contain a structural variant of hemoglobin, HbF, consisting of two α and two γsubunits (α2γ2). Whereas maternal erythrocytes contain HbA (α2β2) |
|
| 13 | 在生理条件下，哪种血红蛋白对氧的亲和力高，HbA还是HbF?请解释。 | Which hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen under physiological conditions. HbA or HbF?Explain. |
|
| 14 | 这种不同的氧亲和力有什么生理意义? | What is the physiological significance of the different O2 affinities? |
|
| 15 | 当仔细除去HbA和HbF样品中所有的BPG，测得的氧饱和曲线和亲和力向左移动，此时HbA对氧的亲和力比HbF高。 | When all the BPG is carefully removed from samples of HbA and HbF,the measured O2-saturation curves and consequently the O2 affinities are displaced to the left. However, HbA now has a greater affinity for than does HbF. |
|
| 16 | 当重新引入BPG,氧饱和曲线又回到正常，如下图所示.BPG对血红蛋白与氧的亲和力的作用是什么? | When BPG is reintroduced, the O2-saturation curves return to normal, as shown in the graph. What is the effect of BPG on the O2 affinity of hemoglobin? |
|
| 17 | 如何用上述信息解释胎儿与母体血红蛋白对氧的不同亲和力? | How can the above information be used to explain the different O2 affinity of fetal and maternal hemoglobin? |
|
| 18 | 血红蛋白的天然变种几达500余种。大多数变种是α链的单氨基酸突变。 | There are almost 500 naturally occurring variants of hemoglobin. Most are the result of a single ainino acid substitution in α globin polypeptide chain. |
|
| 19 | 有些变种产生临床疾病，尽管不是所有变种都有害。下面就是其中的一些变种。 | Some variants produce clinical illness, though not all variants have deleterious effects. A brief sample is presented below |
|
| 20 | 分子表面的一个Glu被一个Val取代。 | HbS (sickle-cell Hb): substitutes a Val for a Glu on the surface。 |
|
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