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双语句库分类列表：
化学:化学习题:
Hb Cowtown: eliminates an ion pair involved in T-state stabilization
减少了一个参与T稳定态的一个离子对。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Hb Memphis: substitutes one uncharged polar residue for another of similar size on the surface.
表面上的一个不带电的极性基团被另一个相似不带电的极性基团取代。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Hb Bibba: substitutes a Pro for a Leu involved in an a helix
在一个a helix中的一个Leu被Pro取代。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Hb Milwaukee: substitutes a Glu for a Val
分子中的一个Val被一个Glu取代。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Hb Providence: substitutes an Asn for a Lys that normally projects into the central cavity of the tetramer。
一个正常情况下伸出四聚体中央腔穴的Lys被Asn取代。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Hb Philly: substitutes a Phe for a Tyr, disrupting hydrogen bonding at the a1β1 interface. Explain your choices for each of the following
Tyr被Phe取代，打破了a1β1界面的氢键。解释下面你的每一个选择。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The Hb variant least likely to cause pathological symptoms.
最不可能引起病理症状的变种。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The variant(s)most likely to show pI values different from that of HbA when run on an isoelectric focusing gel.
在跑IEF时最有可能表现出与HbA不同pI的变种。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The variant(s)most likely to show a decrease in BPG binding and an increase in the overall affinity of the hemoglobin for oxygen.
最有可能表现出降低BPG结合，增加血红蛋白对氧亲和力的变种。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
An antibody binds to an antigen with a Kd of 5×10-8 M. At what concentration of antigen willθbe 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8?
一个抗体与抗原的Kd为5×10-8M，在什么抗原浓度下θ为(a00.2;0.5;0.6;0.8
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
A monoclonal antibody binds to G-actin but not to F-actin. What does this tell you about the epitope recognized by the antibody?
一个单克隆抗体能与G-actin结合但不与F-actin结合，这告诉你这个抗体识别的半抗原的什么情况?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered.
寄主细胞需要时间，经常要数天，才能集中免疫反应以对抗新的抗原，但记忆细胞对以前遇到过的病原物可发生快速的反应。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat.
对抗特定病毒感染的疫苗通常是由弱化或杀死了的病毒或从病毒外壳中分离的蛋白质构成的。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
When injected into a human patient, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively "teaches" the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating the production of memory cells.
当疫苗注射入病人体内，疫苗通常不引起感染和疾病，但它却能有效地“告诉”免疫系统病毒颗粒象什么，并促进记忆细胞的产生。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
On subsequent infection, these cells can bind to the virus and trigger a rapid immune response.
如果后来受到感染，这些细胞可与病毒结合，引发快速的免疫反应。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Some pathogens, including HIV, have developed mechanisms to evade the immune system, making it difficult or impossible to develop effective vaccines against them.
某些病原物包括HIV产生了躲避免疫系统的机制，不能或很难建立它们的疫苗。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
What strategy could a pathogen use to evade the immune system? Assume that antibodies and/or T-cell receptors are available to bind to any structure.
病原物采取何种策略躲避免疫系统?假定有抗体和或T细胞受体能与任何结构结合。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The symmetry of thick and thin filaments in a sarcomere is such that six thin filaments ordinarily surround each thick filament in a hexagonal array. Draw a cross section (transverse cut)of a myofibril at the following points
在肌节中粗丝和细丝是如此对称，通常6个细丝以六角体的排列包围每个粗丝。画出处于下列点的肌纤丝横切面
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
at the M line; through the I band; through the dense region of the A band; through the less dense region of the A band, adjacent to the M line.
(a)在M线处(b)穿过I带;(c)通过A带的密集区;通过A带的低密集区，并靠近M线。.
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
To fully appreciate how proteins function in a cell, it is helpful to have a three-dimensional view of how proteins interact with other cellular components.
为了充分理解蛋白质在细胞中的功能，建立蛋白质如何与其它细胞组分相互作用的三维结构将会很有帮助。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
| 1 | 减少了一个参与T稳定态的一个离子对。 | Hb Cowtown: eliminates an ion pair involved in T-state stabilization |
|
| 2 | 表面上的一个不带电的极性基团被另一个相似不带电的极性基团取代。 | Hb Memphis: substitutes one uncharged polar residue for another of similar size on the surface. |
|
| 3 | 在一个a helix中的一个Leu被Pro取代。 | Hb Bibba: substitutes a Pro for a Leu involved in an a helix |
|
| 4 | 分子中的一个Val被一个Glu取代。 | Hb Milwaukee: substitutes a Glu for a Val |
|
| 5 | 一个正常情况下伸出四聚体中央腔穴的Lys被Asn取代。 | Hb Providence: substitutes an Asn for a Lys that normally projects into the central cavity of the tetramer。 |
|
| 6 | Tyr被Phe取代，打破了a1β1界面的氢键。解释下面你的每一个选择。 | Hb Philly: substitutes a Phe for a Tyr, disrupting hydrogen bonding at the a1β1 interface. Explain your choices for each of the following |
|
| 7 | 最不可能引起病理症状的变种。 | The Hb variant least likely to cause pathological symptoms. |
|
| 8 | 在跑IEF时最有可能表现出与HbA不同pI的变种。 | The variant(s)most likely to show pI values different from that of HbA when run on an isoelectric focusing gel. |
|
| 9 | 最有可能表现出降低BPG结合，增加血红蛋白对氧亲和力的变种。 | The variant(s)most likely to show a decrease in BPG binding and an increase in the overall affinity of the hemoglobin for oxygen. |
|
| 10 | 一个抗体与抗原的Kd为5×10-8M，在什么抗原浓度下θ为(a00.2;0.5;0.6;0.8 | An antibody binds to an antigen with a Kd of 5×10-8 M. At what concentration of antigen willθbe 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8? |
|
| 11 | 一个单克隆抗体能与G-actin结合但不与F-actin结合，这告诉你这个抗体识别的半抗原的什么情况? | A monoclonal antibody binds to G-actin but not to F-actin. What does this tell you about the epitope recognized by the antibody? |
|
| 12 | 寄主细胞需要时间，经常要数天，才能集中免疫反应以对抗新的抗原，但记忆细胞对以前遇到过的病原物可发生快速的反应。 | A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. |
|
| 13 | 对抗特定病毒感染的疫苗通常是由弱化或杀死了的病毒或从病毒外壳中分离的蛋白质构成的。 | A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. |
|
| 14 | 当疫苗注射入病人体内，疫苗通常不引起感染和疾病，但它却能有效地“告诉”免疫系统病毒颗粒象什么，并促进记忆细胞的产生。 | When injected into a human patient, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively "teaches" the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating the production of memory cells. |
|
| 15 | 如果后来受到感染，这些细胞可与病毒结合，引发快速的免疫反应。 | On subsequent infection, these cells can bind to the virus and trigger a rapid immune response. |
|
| 16 | 某些病原物包括HIV产生了躲避免疫系统的机制，不能或很难建立它们的疫苗。 | Some pathogens, including HIV, have developed mechanisms to evade the immune system, making it difficult or impossible to develop effective vaccines against them. |
|
| 17 | 病原物采取何种策略躲避免疫系统?假定有抗体和或T细胞受体能与任何结构结合。 | What strategy could a pathogen use to evade the immune system? Assume that antibodies and/or T-cell receptors are available to bind to any structure. |
|
| 18 | 在肌节中粗丝和细丝是如此对称，通常6个细丝以六角体的排列包围每个粗丝。画出处于下列点的肌纤丝横切面 | The symmetry of thick and thin filaments in a sarcomere is such that six thin filaments ordinarily surround each thick filament in a hexagonal array. Draw a cross section (transverse cut)of a myofibril at the following points |
|
| 19 | (a)在M线处(b)穿过I带;(c)通过A带的密集区;通过A带的低密集区，并靠近M线。. | at the M line; through the I band; through the dense region of the A band; through the less dense region of the A band, adjacent to the M line. |
|
| 20 | 为了充分理解蛋白质在细胞中的功能，建立蛋白质如何与其它细胞组分相互作用的三维结构将会很有帮助。 | To fully appreciate how proteins function in a cell, it is helpful to have a three-dimensional view of how proteins interact with other cellular components. |
|
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