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双语句库分类列表：
化学:化学习题:
Although they have markedly different physical properties, both substances are composed of (1→4)-linked D-glucose polymers of comparable molecular weight.
尽管它们有明显不同的物理性质，两种物质都是由(1→4)-连接的D-葡萄糖的分子量相当的聚合物。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
What structural features of these two polysaccharides underlie their different physical properties?
造成这两种多糖物理性质不同的结构原因是什么?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The stems of bamboo,a tropical grass, can grow at the phenomenal rate of 0.3m/day under optimal conditions.
热带草本植物竹子的茎，在适宜条件下，可以惊人的速度(0.3m/每天)生长。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Given that the stems are composed almost entirely of cellulose fibers oriented in the direction of growth, calculate the number of sugar residues per second that must be added enzymatically to growing cellulose chains to account for the growth rate.
由于茎几乎完全由沿生长方向排列的纤维素纤维构成的，请计算，如此的快速生长，每秒钟通过酶法在增长的纤维素链上要加多少个糖基?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Each D-glucose unit in the cellulose molecule is about 0.45 nm long.
每个葡萄糖残基在纤维素分子中的长度大约为0.45nm。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Glycogen as Energy Storage: How Long Can a Game Bird Fly?
糖原作为能量储备，猎鸟能飞多久?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Since ancient times it has been observed that certain game birds, such as grouse, quail, and pheasants, are easily fatigued.
从古时起，就有人观察到，某些猎鸟，如松鸡、鹌鹑和雉，很容易疲劳。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
In game birds, glucose 1-phosphate is formed by the breakdown of stored muscle glycogen, catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.
在猎鸟体内，G1-P产生于肌糖原的降解，这是通过糖原磷酸化酶催化的。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The flight muscles of game birds rely almost entirely on the use of glucose 1-phosphate for energy, in the form of ATP.
猎鸟的飞翔肌几乎全依赖于G1-P以ATP供能。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The rate of ATP production is limited by the rate at which glycogen can be broken down.
ATP产生的速度受到糖原的降解速度的限制。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
During a "panic flight," the game bird’s rate of glycogen breakdown is quite high, approximately 120μmole/min of glucose 1-phosphate produced per gram of fresh tissue.
在慌乱飞行中，猎鸟的糖原降解速度非常高，大约为每克鲜组织每分钟产生120μmole G1-P。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Given that the flight muscles usually contain about 0.35% glycogen by weight, calculate how long a game bird can fly.
因为通常飞翔肌中含有大约0.35%的糖原，计算猎鸟能飞多长时间?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
One critical function of chondroitin sulfate is to act as a lubricant in skeletal joints by creating a gel-like medium that is resilient to friction and shock.
硫酸软骨素的一个重要功能是产生对摩擦和撞击有弹性的凝胶状介质，从而润滑骨关节。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
This function appears to be related to a distinctive property of chondroitin sulfate: the volume occupied by the molecule is much greater in solution than in the dehydrated solid. Why is the volume occupied by the molecule so much larger in solution?
此功能似乎与硫酸软骨素的独特性质有关:这个分子在溶液中所占的体积比在脱水固体状态下要大得多。为什么这种分子在溶液中所占体积如此之大?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Heparin, a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is used clinically as an anticoagulant. It acts by binding several plasma proteins, including antithrombin Ⅲ, an inhibitor of blood clotting.
肝素是高度带负电荷的糖胺聚糖(粘多糖)，临床上用作抗凝剂。它与数种血浆蛋白结合，包括血液凝固抑制因子antithrombinⅢ。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The 1:1 binding of heparin to antithrombin III appears to cause a conformational change in the protein that greatly increases its ability to inhibit clotting. What amino acid residues of antithrombin III are likely to interact with heparin?
肝素与antithrombinⅢ的1:1的结合似引起此蛋白质的构象改变，从而增加其抑制血液凝固的能力。可能与肝素反应的antithrombin III的氨基酸残基是什么?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The carbohydrate portion of some glycoproteins may serve as a cellular recognition site. In order to perform this function, the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins must have the potential to exist in a large variety of forms.
有些糖蛋白的糖基部分可以作为细胞识别位点。为了行使其功能，糖蛋白的寡糖部分必须要能以很多的种类存在。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Which can produce a greater variety of structures: oligopeptides composed of five different amino acid residues or oligosaccharides composed of five different monosaccharide residues? Explain.
哪个可以产生更多的结构多样性:含5个不同的氨基酸残基的寡肽和含5个不同的单糖残基的寡糖?解释原因。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Determination of the Extent of Branching in Amylopectin
支链淀粉分支程度的测定
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The extent of branching (number of αl→6 glycosidic bonds)in amylopectin can be determined by the following procedure
支链淀粉分支程度(αl→6糖苷键的数目)可以通过下列方法测定。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
| 1 | 尽管它们有明显不同的物理性质，两种物质都是由(1→4)-连接的D-葡萄糖的分子量相当的聚合物。 | Although they have markedly different physical properties, both substances are composed of (1→4)-linked D-glucose polymers of comparable molecular weight. |
|
| 2 | 造成这两种多糖物理性质不同的结构原因是什么? | What structural features of these two polysaccharides underlie their different physical properties? |
|
| 3 | 热带草本植物竹子的茎，在适宜条件下，可以惊人的速度(0.3m/每天)生长。 | The stems of bamboo,a tropical grass, can grow at the phenomenal rate of 0.3m/day under optimal conditions. |
|
| 4 | 由于茎几乎完全由沿生长方向排列的纤维素纤维构成的，请计算，如此的快速生长，每秒钟通过酶法在增长的纤维素链上要加多少个糖基? | Given that the stems are composed almost entirely of cellulose fibers oriented in the direction of growth, calculate the number of sugar residues per second that must be added enzymatically to growing cellulose chains to account for the growth rate. |
|
| 5 | 每个葡萄糖残基在纤维素分子中的长度大约为0.45nm。 | Each D-glucose unit in the cellulose molecule is about 0.45 nm long. |
|
| 6 | 糖原作为能量储备，猎鸟能飞多久? | Glycogen as Energy Storage: How Long Can a Game Bird Fly? |
|
| 7 | 从古时起，就有人观察到，某些猎鸟，如松鸡、鹌鹑和雉，很容易疲劳。 | Since ancient times it has been observed that certain game birds, such as grouse, quail, and pheasants, are easily fatigued. |
|
| 8 | 在猎鸟体内，G1-P产生于肌糖原的降解，这是通过糖原磷酸化酶催化的。 | In game birds, glucose 1-phosphate is formed by the breakdown of stored muscle glycogen, catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. |
|
| 9 | 猎鸟的飞翔肌几乎全依赖于G1-P以ATP供能。 | The flight muscles of game birds rely almost entirely on the use of glucose 1-phosphate for energy, in the form of ATP. |
|
| 10 | ATP产生的速度受到糖原的降解速度的限制。 | The rate of ATP production is limited by the rate at which glycogen can be broken down. |
|
| 11 | 在慌乱飞行中，猎鸟的糖原降解速度非常高，大约为每克鲜组织每分钟产生120μmole G1-P。 | During a "panic flight," the game bird’s rate of glycogen breakdown is quite high, approximately 120μmole/min of glucose 1-phosphate produced per gram of fresh tissue. |
|
| 12 | 因为通常飞翔肌中含有大约0.35%的糖原，计算猎鸟能飞多长时间? | Given that the flight muscles usually contain about 0.35% glycogen by weight, calculate how long a game bird can fly. |
|
| 13 | 硫酸软骨素的一个重要功能是产生对摩擦和撞击有弹性的凝胶状介质，从而润滑骨关节。 | One critical function of chondroitin sulfate is to act as a lubricant in skeletal joints by creating a gel-like medium that is resilient to friction and shock. |
|
| 14 | 此功能似乎与硫酸软骨素的独特性质有关:这个分子在溶液中所占的体积比在脱水固体状态下要大得多。为什么这种分子在溶液中所占体积如此之大? | This function appears to be related to a distinctive property of chondroitin sulfate: the volume occupied by the molecule is much greater in solution than in the dehydrated solid. Why is the volume occupied by the molecule so much larger in solution? |
|
| 15 | 肝素是高度带负电荷的糖胺聚糖(粘多糖)，临床上用作抗凝剂。它与数种血浆蛋白结合，包括血液凝固抑制因子antithrombinⅢ。 | Heparin, a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is used clinically as an anticoagulant. It acts by binding several plasma proteins, including antithrombin Ⅲ, an inhibitor of blood clotting. |
|
| 16 | 肝素与antithrombinⅢ的1:1的结合似引起此蛋白质的构象改变，从而增加其抑制血液凝固的能力。可能与肝素反应的antithrombin III的氨基酸残基是什么? | The 1:1 binding of heparin to antithrombin III appears to cause a conformational change in the protein that greatly increases its ability to inhibit clotting. What amino acid residues of antithrombin III are likely to interact with heparin? |
|
| 17 | 有些糖蛋白的糖基部分可以作为细胞识别位点。为了行使其功能，糖蛋白的寡糖部分必须要能以很多的种类存在。 | The carbohydrate portion of some glycoproteins may serve as a cellular recognition site. In order to perform this function, the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins must have the potential to exist in a large variety of forms. |
|
| 18 | 哪个可以产生更多的结构多样性:含5个不同的氨基酸残基的寡肽和含5个不同的单糖残基的寡糖?解释原因。 | Which can produce a greater variety of structures: oligopeptides composed of five different amino acid residues or oligosaccharides composed of five different monosaccharide residues? Explain. |
|
| 19 | 支链淀粉分支程度的测定 | Determination of the Extent of Branching in Amylopectin |
|
| 20 | 支链淀粉分支程度(αl→6糖苷键的数目)可以通过下列方法测定。 | The extent of branching (number of αl→6 glycosidic bonds)in amylopectin can be determined by the following procedure |
|
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